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West Ashley Library
9 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Phone: (843) 766-6635
Wando Mount Pleasant Library
9 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Phone: (843) 805-6888
Village Library
9 a.m. - 1 p.m.
Phone: (843) 884-9741
St. Paul's/Hollywood Library
9 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Phone: (843) 889-3300
Otranto Road Library
9 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Phone: (843) 572-4094
Mt. Pleasant Library
9 a.m. – 5 p.m.
Phone: (843) 849-6161
McClellanville Library
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Keith Summey North Charleston Library
9 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Phone: (843) 744-2489
John's Island Library
9 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Phone: (843) 559-1945
Hurd/St. Andrews Library
9 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Phone: (843) 766-2546
Folly Beach Library
9 a.m. - 2 p.m.
*open the 2nd and 4th Saturday
*open the 2nd and 4th Saturday
Phone: (843) 588-2001
Edisto Island Library
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Phone: (843) 869-2355
Dorchester Road Library
9 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Phone: (843) 552-6466
John L. Dart Library
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Phone: (843) 722-7550
Baxter-Patrick James Island
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Phone: (843) 795-6679
Main Library
9 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Phone: (843) 805-6930
Bees Ferry West Ashley Library
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Phone: (843) 805-6892
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Closed for renovations
Phone: (843) 883-3914
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Hepatic natural killer cells exclusively kill splenic/blood natural killer‐resistant tumor cells by the perforin/granzyme pathway
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- Author(s): Vermijlen, David; Luo, Dianzhong; Froelich, Christopher J; Medema, Jan Paul; Kummer, Jean Alain; Willems, Erik; Braet, Filip; Wisse, Eddie
- Source:
Journal of Leukocyte Biology; October 2002, Vol. 72 Issue: 4 p668-676, 9p - Source:
- Additional Information
- Abstract: Hepatic natural killer (NK) cells are located in the liver sinusoids adherent to the endothelium. Human and rat hepatic NK cells induce cytolysis in tumor cells that are resistant to splenic or blood NK cells. To investigate the mechanism of cell death, we examined the capacity of isolated, pure (90%) rat hepatic NK cells to kill the splenic/blood NK‐resistant mastocytoma cell line P815. Cell death was observed and quantified by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, DNA fragmentation, and 51Cr release. RNA and protein expression were determined by real time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Compared with splenic NK cells, hepatic NK cells expressed higher levels of perforin and granzyme B and readily induced apoptosis in P815 cells. Although P815 cells succumbed to recombinant Fas ligand (FasL) or isolated perforin/granzyme B, hepatic NK cells used only the granule pathway to kill this target. In addition, hepatic NK cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells strongly expressed the granzyme B inhibitor, protease inhibitor 9 (PI‐9)/serine PI‐6 (SPI‐6), and P815 cells and hepatocytes were negative. Transfection of target cells with this inhibitor resulted in complete resistance to hepatic NK cell‐induced apoptosis. In conclusion, hepatic NK cells kill splenic/blood NK‐resistant/FasL‐sensitive tumor cells exclusively by the perforin/granzyme pathway. Serine protease inhibitor PI‐9/SPI‐6 expression in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells may protect the liver microenvironment from this highly active perforin/granzyme pathway used to kill metastasizing cancer cells.
- Abstract:
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