Effects of Middle School Teachers' Praise-to-Reprimand Ratios on Students' Classroom Behavior

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  • Author(s): Caldarella, Paul (ORCID Caldarella, Paul (ORCID 0000-0002-0883-8890); Larsen, Ross A. A.; Williams, Leslie; Wills, Howard P. (ORCID Wills, Howard P. (ORCID 0000-0001-5869-5173)
  • Language:
    English
  • Source:
    Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions. Jan 2023 25(1):28-40.
  • Publication Date:
    2023
  • Document Type:
    Journal Articles
    Reports - Research
  • Additional Information
    • Availability:
      SAGE Publications and Hammill Institute on Disabilities. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: https://sagepub.com
    • Peer Reviewed:
      Y
    • Source:
      13
    • Sponsoring Agency:
      Institute of Education Sciences (ED)
    • Contract Number:
      R324A160279
    • Education Level:
      Junior High Schools
      Middle Schools
      Secondary Education
    • Subject Terms:
      Teacher Student Relationship; Correlation; Prosocial Behavior; At Risk Students; Emotional Disturbances; Behavior Disorders; Grades (Scholastic); Middle School Teachers; Middle School Students; Comparative Analysis; Intervention; Time on Task; Classroom Techniques; Identification; Screening Tests; Positive Reinforcement; Student Behavior
    • Subject Terms:
      Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders
    • Accession Number:
      10.1177/10983007211035185
    • ISSN:
      1098-3007
      1538-4772
    • Abstract:
      Middle school teachers frequently struggle with positively managing student behavior. However, praise-to-reprimand ratios (PRRs) have received little research attention. PRRs studied in elementary school have been positively associated with improvements in on-task and prosocial behavior, but limited research has been conducted on optimal PRRs in middle schools. We conducted this study in the context of a randomized control trial of Class-wide Function-related Intervention Teams Middle School (CW-FIT MS) to isolate the effects of one of the main components of the intervention, PRR. After controlling for the intervention, we examined the effects of PRRs in 28 U.S. middle school classrooms on (a) class-wide on-task behavior, (b) on-task behavior of students at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), and (c) disruptive behavior of students at risk for EBD. Multivariate regressions revealed a statistically significant linear relationship between middle school PRRs and the variables of interest: As PRRs increased, on-task behavior of the entire class improved, on-task behavior and grades of students at risk for EBD increased, and disruptive behavior of students at risk for EBD decreased. We discuss the implications of our findings and suggest areas for future research. [For the corresponding grantee submission, see ED616782.]
    • Abstract:
      As Provided
    • IES Funded:
      Yes
    • Publication Date:
      2022
    • Accession Number:
      EJ1358881