Which Children Are Frequently Victimized in US Elementary Schools? Population-Based Estimates

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  • Additional Information
    • Availability:
      Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
    • Peer Reviewed:
      Y
    • Source:
      13
    • Sponsoring Agency:
      Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (DHHS/NIH)
    • Contract Number:
      P2CHD041025
    • Education Level:
      Early Childhood Education
      Elementary Education
      Kindergarten
      Primary Education
      Grade 3
      Grade 4
      Intermediate Grades
      Grade 5
      Middle Schools
    • Subject Terms:
      At Risk Persons; Kindergarten; Young Children; At Risk Students; Grade 3; Grade 4; Grade 5; Elementary School Students; Ethnic Groups; Socioeconomic Influences; Victims; Bullying; Aggression; Verbal Communication; Gender Differences; Predictor Variables; Students with Disabilities; Parenting Styles; Academic Achievement; Student Behavior; Behavior Problems
    • Accession Number:
      10.1007/s12310-022-09520-7
    • ISSN:
      1866-2625
      1866-2633
    • Abstract:
      We analyzed a population-based cohort of 11,780 US children to identify risk and protective factors by kindergarten predictive of being frequently verbally, social, reputationally, or physically victimized during the upper elementary grades. We also stratified the analyses by biological sex. Kindergarten children displaying externalizing problem behaviors were at consistently higher risk of being frequently victimized during third-fifth grade (odds ratios [OR] for verbal = 1.82, social = 1.60, reputational = 1.85, physical = 1.67, and total = 1.93). Hispanic children (OR range = 0.51 to 0.68) and those from higher income families (OR range = 0.73 to 0.83) were less likely to experience victimization. Boys were more likely than girls to be physically victimized (OR = 1.38) but less likely to be verbally (OR = 0.83), socially (OR = 0.66), or reputationally (OR = 0.83) victimized or to experience total victimization (OR = 0.82). Other variables predictive of increased risks for frequent victimization included having a disability, experiencing cognitively stimulating parenting, and displaying lower academic achievement.
    • Abstract:
      As Provided
    • Publication Date:
      2022
    • Accession Number:
      EJ1356477