Bullying in University between Peers and by Personnel: Cultural Variation in Prevalence, Forms, and Gender Differences in Four Countries

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  • Author(s): Pörhölä, Maili (ORCID Pörhölä, Maili (ORCID 0000-0001-8911-6875); Cvancara, Kristen (ORCID Cvancara, Kristen (ORCID 0000-0001-9435-0471); Kaal, Esta (ORCID Kaal, Esta (ORCID 0000-0001-8872-2451); Kunttu, Kristina (ORCID Kunttu, Kristina (ORCID 0000-0001-6221-044X); Tampere, Kaja (ORCID Tampere, Kaja (ORCID 0000-0003-0817-3339); Torres, Maria Beatriz (ORCID Torres, Maria Beatriz (ORCID 0000-0002-6047-6161)
  • Language:
    English
  • Source:
    Social Psychology of Education: An International Journal. Feb 2020 23(1):143-169.
  • Publication Date:
    2020
  • Document Type:
    Journal Articles
    Reports - Research
  • Additional Information
    • Availability:
      Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-348-4505; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
    • Peer Reviewed:
      Y
    • Source:
      27
    • Education Level:
      Higher Education
      Postsecondary Education
    • Subject Terms:
      Bullying; Victims; Student Behavior; Teacher Behavior; College Faculty; Gender Differences; Undergraduate Students; Cultural Differences; Foreign Countries; Peer Relationship; Teacher Student Relationship
    • Subject Terms:
      Argentina; Estonia; Finland; United States
    • Accession Number:
      10.1007/s11218-019-09523-4
    • ISSN:
      1381-2890
    • Abstract:
      This study reports results from cross-cultural comparisons of (a) the frequency of university students' experiences of bullying victimization and perpetration between students, (b) students' experiences of bullying victimization by university personnel, and (c) the breakdown of victimization by the forms of bullying students have experienced. Gender breakdowns are offered. Survey data were collected from undergraduates in a total of 47 universities, using large sample sizes, similar measures and assessment methods in four countries: Argentina (N = 969), Estonia (N = 1053), Finland (N = 4403), and the United States (N = 2072). The results confirmed previous findings which suggest that a notable number of students experience bullying during university studies by fellow students and/or staff members, and a smaller number of students admit to bully their fellow students. The results add to previous knowledge by demonstrating remarkable cultural differences in the prevalence and forms of bullying and suggesting that bullying at the university level starts to transform similar to bullying in the workplace. The overall rates of bullying victimization and perpetration between students were the highest in Argentina, followed by the USA, Finland, and finally Estonia. However, victimization by university personnel was reported the most in Estonia, followed by Argentina, the USA, and Finland. Gender breakdowns in bullying experiences varied between countries. Verbal forms of bullying were common experiences. The most often reported form in all countries was unjustified criticism, belittling or humiliation related to academic performance. Students in the USA reported the highest frequencies in most forms of victimization. The results are discussed by reflecting on higher education features and comparing cultural characteristics of the countries. Practical implications are provided.
    • Abstract:
      As Provided
    • Publication Date:
      2020
    • Accession Number:
      EJ1243976