Peers Increase Adolescent Risk Taking Even When the Probabilities of Negative Outcomes Are Known

American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.apa.org

Y

5

National Institute on Drug Abuse (DHHS/PHS)
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIH)

R21DA022546-01
R01AA020006-01

Adolescents; Adolescent Attitudes; Risk; Student Behavior; Peer Influence; Decision Making; Probability; Educational Experiments; Task Analysis

10.1037/a0035696

0012-1649

The majority of adolescent risk taking occurs in the presence of peers, and recent research suggests that the presence of peers may alter how the potential rewards and costs of a decision are valuated or perceived. The current study further explores this notion by investigating how peer observation affects adolescent risk taking when the information necessary to make an informed decision is explicitly provided. We used a novel probabilistic gambling task in which participants decided whether to play or pass on a series of offers for which the reward and loss outcome probabilities were made explicit. Adolescent participants completed the task either alone or under the belief that they were being observed by an unknown peer in a neighboring room. Participants who believed a peer was observing them chose to gamble more often than participants who completed the task alone, and this effect was most evident for decisions with a greater probability of loss. These results suggest that the presence of peers can increase risk taking among adolescents even when specific information regarding the likelihood of positive and negative outcomes is provided. The findings expand our understanding of how peers influence adolescent decision making and have important implications regarding the value of educational programs aimed at reducing risky behaviors during adolescence.

As Provided

9

2015

EJ1051396