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Prisoners and Paupers: The Impact of Group Threat on Incarceration in Nineteenth-Century U.S. Cities.
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- Author(s): Olzak, Susan; Shanahan, Suzanne
- Source:
American Sociological Review; Jun2014, Vol. 79 Issue 3, p392-411, 20p, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts- Subject Terms:
IMPRISONMENT; CITIES & towns; POVERTY in the United States; AFRICAN American social conditions, to 1964; RACE & society; HISTORY of the crimes against African Americans; CRIMES against immigrants; MISDEMEANORS; THREAT (Psychology); SOCIAL control; ETHNICITY; ECONOMIC competition; HISTORY; URBAN history; POVERTY & psychology; PRISONERS -- History; PRISONERS; CHI-squared test; COMPETITION (Psychology); CONFIDENCE intervals; CORRECTIONAL institutions; ETHNIC groups; METROPOLITAN areas; PANEL analysis; RACE; RESEARCH funding; SOCIAL mobility; VIOLENCE; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ODDS ratio - Source:
- Additional Information
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: This article uses data on prisoners incarcerated for misdemeanors in late-nineteenth-century U.S. cities to assess a three-part argument that asserts that threats to white dominance prompted efforts of social control directed against African Americans and foreign-born whites: (1) For African Americans, competition with whites for jobs instigated efforts by whites to enforce the racial barrier. (2) For the foreign-born, upward mobility became associated with white identity, which allowed those who “became white” to be seen as less threatening. We thus expect the threat from foreign-born whites to be highest where their concentration in poverty was greatest. (3) We suggest that violence against a given boundary raises the salience of group threat, so a positive relationship should exist between prior violence against a group and its level of incarceration for misdemeanors. Using panel analyses of cities from 1890 through 1910, we find supporting evidence for the first two arguments and partial support for the third. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Abstract: Copyright of American Sociological Review is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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