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RELIGIOSOS VIAJEROS EN EL MUNDO HISPÁNICO EN LA ÉPOCA DE LOS AUSTRIAS (EL CASO DE NUEVA ESPAÑA). (Spanish)
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- Author(s): Rubial Garciía, Antonio
- Source:
Historia Mexicana; ene-mar2012, Vol. 61 Issue 3, p813-848, 36p- Subject Terms:
- Source:
- Additional Information
- Alternate Title: Religious Travelers in the Hispanic World Under the House of Austria (The Case of New Spain). (English)
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: Since the Benedictine Reform of Cluny, religious orders became a domain of international exchange. In the 13th century, mendicants inherited this tradition, which became consolidated during the next centuries, based primarily on their missionary spirituality and their obedience vows. The passage of religious from one province to another was constant during the last medieval centuries and the main organizers were the orders' authorities themselves, established in Rome, and often also the Pope. Some monarchs, such as St. Louis IX of France, who was a Franciscan Tertiary, sent religious as ambassadors to China, although this was apparently an exceptional case. It was therefore until the 16th century, with the discovery of America, that a Crown (the Spanish Crown) took direct part in sending missionaries to the New World, submitting even the religious authorities in Rome to its plans. From that moment on, the Monarchy became the main actor in charge of ordering, controlling and economically sustaining the sending of religious. This influenced the traveling dynamics of religious orders in both directions. At first, it was more common to send missionaries to the Indies, and then visitadores, or inspectors, and officials (such as Comisarios), but in time, as mendicant and Jesuit provinces consolidated, there was a constant flow of Indians to the Metropolis (and sometimes to Rome, but always via Spain), sent as prosecutors or attorneys to solve different problems -from disputes with bishops to processes of beatification, attendance to general chapters, or procedures to obtain teaching authority (magisterium). Examples such as Brother Alonso de la Veracruz, Brother Diego Valadés, Brother Jerónimo de Mendieta, Brother José Sicardo or Francisco de Florencia will serve to illustrate the different reasons for such journeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Desde la reforma benedictina de Cluny, las órdenes religiosas se volvieron ámbitos de intercambio internacionales. En el siglo XIII los mendicantes heredaron esta tradición que se afianzó a lo largo de los siglos siguientes, sobre todo bajo su espiritualidad misionera y con base en el voto de obediencia. El paso de religiosos de una provincia a otra fue una constante a lo largo de los ültimos siglos medievales y las principales instancias encargadas de ordenarlo fueron las propias autoridades de las órdenes con sede en Roma, y a menudo también el Sumo Pontífice. Algün monarca, como san Luis IX de Francia, que era terciario franciscano, envió a China religiosos como sus embajadores, pero al parecer un caso como ése se dio excepcionalmente. Por tanto no fue sino hasta el siglo XVI, con el descubrimiento de América, que una Corona (la cspañola) intervino directamente en el envío de personal misioncro, sometiendo sus designios incluso a las instancias religiosas en Roma. Desde entonces la monarquía se volvió el principal actor sobre quien recaía directamente el ordenar, controlar y sostener económicamente el envío de religiosos. Esta impronta marcó la dinámica de los traslados de religiosos en ambos sentidos. Al principio lo más generalizado fue el paso de misioneros y después de visitadores y funcionarios (como los comisarios) a Indias, pero poco a poco, conforme se van consolidando las provincias mendicantes y jesuitas, también comenzó a haber un flujo constante de indianos a la Metrópoli (y a veces a Roma, pero siempre por la vía hispana) enviados como procuradores para dar solución a diversos problemas, desde las alternativas y los pleitos con los obispos hasta los procesos de beatificación, la asistencia a los capítulos generales o los trámites para obtener magisterios. Ejemplos como los de fray Alonso de la Veracruz, fray Diego Valadés, fray Jerónimo de Mendieta, fray José Sicardo o Francisco de Florencia serán utilizados para ejemplificar las diversas razones de tales viajes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of Historia Mexicana is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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