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Subjective Response to Alcohol Challenge: A Quantitative Review.
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- Author(s): Quinn, Patrick D.1; Fromme, Kim1
- Source:
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. Oct2011, Vol. 35 Issue 10, p1759-1770. 12p.- Subject Terms:
*ALCOHOL-induced disorders; *ANALYSIS of variance; *CENTRAL nervous system; *CONFIDENCE intervals; *DOSE-response relationship in biochemistry; *DRINKING behavior; *ALCOHOL drinking; *ETHANOL; *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems; *MATHEMATICAL models; *META-analysis; *REINFORCEMENT (Psychology); *RESEARCH funding; *SELF-evaluation; *SEX distribution; *PHENOTYPES; *THEORY; *QUANTITATIVE research; *EFFECT sizes (Statistics); *GENETICS; *DISEASE risk factors - Source:
- Additional Information
- Abstract: Background: Individual differences in subjective response to alcohol, as measured by laboratory-based alcohol challenge, have been identified as a candidate phenotypic risk factor for the development of alcohol-use disorders (AUDs). Two models have been developed to explain the role of subjective response to alcohol, but predictions from the 2 models are contradictory, and theoretical consensus is lacking. Methods: This investigation used a meta-analytic approach to review the accumulated evidence from alcohol-challenge studies of subjective response as a risk factor. Data from 32 independent samples (total N = 1,314) were aggregated to produce quantitative estimates of the effects of risk-group status (i.e., positive family history of AUDs or heavier alcohol consumption) on subjective response. Results: As predicted by the Low Level of Response Model (LLRM), family history-positive groups experienced reduced overall subjective response relative to family history-negative groups. This effect was most evident among men, with family history-positive men responding more than half a standard deviation less than family history-negative men. In contrast, consistent with the Differentiator Model (DM), heavier drinkers of both genders responded 0.4 standard deviations less on measures of sedation than did the lighter drinkers but nearly half a standard deviation more on measures of stimulation, with the stimulation difference appearing most prominent on the ascending limb of the blood alcohol concentration curve. Conclusions: The accumulated results from 3 decades of family history comparisons provide considerable support for the LLRM. In contrast, results from typical consumption comparisons were largely consistent with predictions of the DM. The LLRM and DM may describe 2 distinct sets of phenotypic risk, with importantly different etiologies and predictions for the development of AUDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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