Problemas de acción colectiva en procesos de pacificación: oportunismo e instituciones.

This article introduces what might be considered as a different approach to discus pacifications of countries affected by intra-state conflicts. Using the case of the process of pacification in El Salvador (1992- 1994), I introduce several categories stemming from the new institutionalism in order to understand the role of institutions designed to tackle opportunism. The argument is that asymmetries of information and high transactions costs are particularly acute in postwar periods. This situation creates the ideal conditions and incentives for political actors to act opportunistically, which might derive in severe negative affectations of the peace agreements already in place. This is when the introduction of "rules of the game" designed specifically to tackle opportunism become critical for the success of a pacifications effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo presenta una nueva lectura del proceso de pacificación salvadoreño (1992-1994), centrán- dose en ci oportunismo como problema de acción colectiva y en su exitoso manejo, a través del diseño de instituciones, entendidas como reglas, normas y rutinas. Se argumenta que en contextos inciertos con asimetrIas de información y altos costos de transacción, como en ios periodos de posguerra, los ac- tores locales enfrentan problemas de cooperación que los llevan a transgredir, enganar y posponer recu- rrentemente el cumplimiento de acuerdos pactados por ellos. Los resultados de este estudio permiren reinterpretar las posibilidades de éxito o fracaso de las nuevas operaciones para el mantenimiento de La paz a cargo de las Naciones Unidas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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