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Arsenic-Associated Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Immune Disruption in Human Placenta and Cord Blood.
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- Author(s): Ahmed, Sultan1; Khoda, Sultana Mahabbat-e1; Rekha, Rokeya Sultana1; Gardner, Renee M.2; Ameer, Syeda Shegufta1; Moore, Sophie3; Ekström, Eva-Charlotte4; Vahter, Marie2; Raqib, Rubhana1
- Source:
Environmental Health Perspectives. Feb2011, Vol. 119 Issue 2, p258-264. 7p. 3 Charts, 2 Graphs.- Subject Terms:
*Arsenic; *Biomarkers; *Environmental exposure; Pregnancy complication risk factors; Analysis of variance; Low birth weight; Computer software; Cytokines; Cord blood; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Immunologic diseases; Interleukins; Longitudinal method; Evaluation of medical care; Multivariate analysis; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy complications; Research funding; T cells; Tumor necrosis factors; Data analysis; Oxidative stress; Disease risk factors - Source:
- Additional Information
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: BACKGROUND: Arsenic (As) exposure during pregnancy induces oxidative stress and increases the risk of fetal loss and low birth weight. OBJECTIVES: In this study we aimed to elucidate the effects of As exposure on immune markers in the placenta and cord blood, and the involvement of oxidative stress. METHODS: Pregnant women were enrolled around gestational week (GW) 8 in our longitudinal, population-based, mother-child cohort in Matlab, an area in rural Bangladesh with large variations in As concentrations in well water. Women (n = 130) delivering at local clinics were included in the present study. We collected maternal urine twice during pregnancy (GW8 and GW30) for measurements of As, and placenta and cord blood at delivery for assessment of immune and inflammatory markers. Placental markers were measured by immunohistochemistry, and cord blood cytokines by multiplex cytokine assay. RESULTS: In multivariable adjusted models, maternal urinary As (U-As) exposure both at GW8 and at GW30 was significantly positively associated with placental markers of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β); U-As at GW8, with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interferon-γ (IFNγ); and U-As at GW30, with leptin; U-As at GW8 was inversely associated with CD3+ T cells in the placenta. Cord blood cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ, TNFα) showed a U-shaped association with U-As at GW30. Placental 8-oxoG was significantly positively associated with placental proinflammatory cytokines. Multivariable adjusted analyses suggested that enhanced placental cytokine expression (TNFα and IFNγ) was primarily influenced by oxidative stress, whereas leptin expression appeared to be mostly mediated by As, and IL-1 β appeared to be influenced by both oxidative stress and As. CONCLUSION: As exposure during pregnancy appeared to enhance placental inflammatory responses (in part by increasing oxidative stress), reduce placental T cells, and alter cord blood cytokines. These findings suggest that effects of As on immune function may contribute to impaired fetal and infant health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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