Les machines politiques aux États-Unis. Clientélisme et immigration entre 1870 et 1950. (French)

Machine politics in the United States: Clientelism and Immigration between 1870 and 1950. (English)

Machine politics are a phenomenon tracing back to Irish immigration to the United States between 1870 and 1950. They were designed to win elections by mobilizing clients primarily through the distribution of public employment, as well as through personal relations and ethnic solidarity. The historiographical debate concerns the role played by political machine among poor immigrants. The case of machine politics underscores the usefulness of examining patronage to study specific trajectories for immigrant groups' interaction into American society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les machines politiques sont un phénomène lié à I'immigration irlandaise aux États-Unis entre les années 1870 et 1950. Les machines sont des organisations conçues pour gagner les élections en mobilisant des clientèles dans le cadre de relations personnelles et de solidarités ethniques. La mobilisation des clientèles passe notamment par la distribution d'emplois publics. Le débat historiographique porte sur le rôle joué par les machines auprès des immigrés pauvres. Le cas des machines montre l'intérêt que revêt le clientélisme pour étudier les trajectoires spécifiques d'intégration des groupes immigrés dans la société américaine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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