EGIDIJUS ROMIETIS: FILOSOFŲ KLAIDOS. (Lithuanian)

Giles of Rome: on the Errors of the Philosophers. (English)

THOMAS, Aquinas, Saint, ca. 1225-1274; TEMPIER, Etienne

The creed of Giles of Rome had been formatting in the tumultuous 13^th century when popes politically confronted kings; hierarchs of the Church competed with each other for the greater influence; and the academic atmosphere in Paris University was stifling because of oppressive censorship. As a disciple and follower of Thomas Aquinas Giles was interested in the problems of political power. Relaying on the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition he had written the treatise De regimine principium dedicated to the prince, later king Philip IV. In 1270, when bishop Etienne Tempier condemned fifteen philosophical statements, of which thirteen was related to the followers of Averroes, Giles, remaining faithful to the position of Thomas Aquinas, expressed his opinion by the treatise The Errors of Philosophers. But the greatest part of his efforts he directed towards Arab philosophers. In 1277, when the syllabus, which was directed not only against pagan and Arab Aristotelianizm but also against its Christian version elaborated by Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas, was repeatedly announced, Giles started fierce fight. He issued the polemical treatise Liber contra gradus et pluralitatem formarum, in which he charged the position of bishop Tempier as incompatible with the truths of Christianity. Because of that he was made to leave Paris and could return there only after the bishop's death. The article brings to light the surroundings of Giles of Rome and analyzes the treatise The Errors of Philosophers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egidijaus Romiečio pažiūros formavosi XIII a., vykstant politiniams nesutarimams tarp popiežiaus ir karaliaus, Bažnyčios hierarchams nepasidalijant įtakos sferų, esant slogiai akademinei atmosferai Paryžiaus universitete dėl įvestos cenzūros. Būdamas Tomo Akviniečio mokiniu ir jo sekėju Egidijus domėjosi valdžios ir valstybės valdymo klausimais. Vadovaudamasis aristoteline-tomistine tradicija jis parašė traktatą Apie valdovų valdžią (De regimine principum), kurį dedikavo princui, būsimajam karaliui Pilypui IV Gražiajam. 1270 m. jis publikavo traktatą Filosofų klaidos. Remdamasis tomistiniu mokymu Egidijus atskleidė Aristotelio ir arabų mąstytojų daromas klaidas filosofijoje. Traktatas buvo siejamas su vyskupo Etjeno Tempjė pasmerktomis 15 tezių. 1277 m., antrą kartą paskelbus syllabus, kuris buvo nukreiptas ne tik prieš pagonišką arba arabizuotą aristotelizmą, bet ir prieš Alberto Didžiojo bei Tomo Akviniečio sukrikščionintą Aristotelio filosofijos versiją, Egidijus pradėjo aršią kovą. Jis paskelbė poleminį traktatą Knyga prieš laipsnius ir formų daugybę (Liber contra gradus et pluralitatem formarum), kaltinantį vyskupo Tempjė syllabus, kaip prieštaraujantį krikščioniškoms tiesoms. Dėl šio traktato jis buvo priverstas palikti Paryžių, į kurį grįžo po vyskupo mirties. Straipsnyje atskleidžiami su Egidijaus gyvenimu susiję istoriniai faktai ir analizuojamas jo traktatas Filosofų klaidos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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