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Dopady vstupu ČR do EU a reformy Společné organizace trhů v odvìtví cukru na trh s cukrem v ČR. (Czech)
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- Author(s): Strnadlová, Hana
- Source:
Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske; 2009, Vol. 125 Issue 12, p334-341, 8p, 5 Charts, 6 Graphs- Subject Terms:
- Source:
- Additional Information
- Alternate Title: IMPACTS OF THE ACCESION OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC TO THE EU AND OF THE REFORM OF COMMON MARKET ORGANIZATION IN THE SUGAR BRANCH TO THE SUGAR MARKET IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC. (English)
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: By the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU, the mechanisms of the Common market organization in the sugar branch were introduced. After two years, by the impact of CMO in the sugar branch, the sugar regime was altered. Basic objectives were chosen for the new organization of sugar market, one of the most important of which was to increase the competitiveness in the field. Because of the necessity to increase the effectivity of the process of restructuring, in the second year of the reform the mode of the reform was changed in order to decrease the production to a desired level. Thus there was a “reform of a reform", which was a definite drawback from the original philosophy of the reform of Common market organization in the sugar branch; the only objective was to decrease the amount of sugar produced in EU, regardless of the aspect of competitiveness and economic efficiency of terminating sugar production and sugar beet growing. For example, the company Eastern Sugar ČR a. s. abandoned sugar production, to which the growers with the greatest competitive ability in the Czech Republic were providing the raw material. It is obvious from the development of the primary parameters of sugar and sugar beet production (hectare yields, sugar content of beet, sugar extraction, the yield of polarised and white sugar), that the Czech Republic, after its accession to the EU, significantly increased its efficiency of sugar and sugar beet production, and in the mentioned parameters achieves the highest values of EU10, and is gradually getting near to that of EU15. After the CMO reform in the sugar branch, the share of sugar self-supplying in the Czech Republic significantly decreased. In the year 2004/05 it was high (166.0 %); after the CMO sugar branch reform in the year 2006/07 this share decreased to 91.5 % and in the year 2007/08 it was 89.5 %. The saldo of the foreign sugar trade (including sugar contained in products), that was active throughout the first two years after the Czech Republic joined the EU, became passive after the CMO reform (-54.9 thousand tons in the year 2006/07). In the year 2007/08 the foreign trade saldo raised to 15.9 thousand tons, because the import of sugar contained in products decreased. Before the Czech Republic joined the EU, the source of sugar for the EU was mostly Germany and Poland; after the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU it was imported mostly from Slovakia. After the CMO reform in the sugar industry, the import from Germany and Poland is however increasing, and it is believed that it will increase further, because these countries have remained pure sugar exporters. Sugar is exported mainly to the EU countries, while the export to third countries is gradually decreasing. In the year 2007/08 only 2 % of sugar export is directed to third countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Vstupem ČR do EU byly zavedeny mechanismy Společné organizace trhů v odvětví cukru. Po dvou letech došlo ke změně cukerního režimu vlivem realizace SOT v odvětví cukru. Pro novou organizaci trhu s cukrem byly vytýčeny základní cíle, z nichž jedním z nejdůležitějších bylo zvýšení konkurenceschopnosti odvětví. Vzhledem k nutnosti zefektivnění procesu restrukturalizace byl ve druhém roce reformy změněn režim reformy, aby bylo dosaženo snížení produkce cukru na požadovanou úroveň. Tak došlo k tzv. „reformě reformy“, která je jednoznačným ústupem od původní filosofie reformy Společné organizace trhů v odvětví cukru a jediným cílem bylo snížení množství vyráběného cukru v EU bez ohledu na aspekt konkurenceschopnosti a ekonomické efektivnosti ukončování výroby cukru a pěstování cukrové řepy. Příkladem je např. ukončení produkce cukru společností Eastern Sugar ČR, a. s. Této společnosti dodávali surovinu nejkonkurenceschopnější pěstitelé ČR. Z vývoje hlavních parametrů produkce cukrové řepy a cukru (hektarové výnosy, cukernatost řepy, výtěžnost bílého cukru, výnos polarizačního a bílého cukru) je zřejmé, že ČR po vstupu do EU podstatně zvýšila efektivnost produkce cukrové řepy a cukru a v uvedených parametrech dosahuje nejvyšší úrovně z EU10 a přibližuje se postupně výsledkům EU15. Po reformě SOT v odvětví cukru se podstatně snížil podíl samozásobení cukrem v ČR. V roce 2004/05 byl vysoký (166,0 %); po reformě SOT odvětví cukru v roce 2006/07 činil tento podíl 91,5 % a v roce 2007/08 byl 89,5 %. Bilance zahraničního obchodu s cukrem (včetně cukru ve výrobcích), která byla v prvních dvou letech po vstupu ČR do EU aktivní, byla po reformě SOT v odvětví cukru pasivní (-54,9 tis. t v roce 2006/07).… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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