„Bo Niemiec to flue polityczny Mefistofeles, jak jego sąsiedzi...“ Refleksja charakterologiczna w okresie I wojny światowej. (Polish)

The article presents information on the development of the social sciences in Germany during the 19th century and through World War I. The article explores the debate that focused on the existence of national characteristics that can be found among a population. This debate, largely examined from a psychological standpoint, but also believed to be related to genetics, was examined by leading intellectuals of the time and produced works that explored racial differences and promoted racist theories and racial stereotypes. The article examines how these theories received greater attention in the years preceding World War I.