Inferring Long-Term and Short-Term Determinants of Genetic Diversity in Honey Bees: Beekeeping Impact and Conservation Strategies.

Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8501455 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1537-1719 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07374038 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mol Biol Evol Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 2003- : New York, NY : Oxford University Press
Original Publication: [Chicago, Ill.] : University of Chicago Press, [c1983-

Genetic Variation* ; Beekeeping* ; Conservation of Natural Resources*; Bees/genetics ; Animals

Bees are vital pollinators in natural and agricultural landscapes around the globe, playing a key role in maintaining flowering plant biodiversity and ensuring food security. Among the honey bee species, the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is particularly significant, not only for its extensive crop pollination services but also for producing economically valuable products such as honey. Here, we analyzed whole-genome sequence data from four Apis species to explore how honey bee evolution has shaped current diversity patterns. Using Approximate Bayesian Computation, we first reconstructed the demographic history of A. mellifera in Europe, finding support for postglacial secondary contacts, therefore predating human-mediated transfers linked to modern beekeeping. However, our analysis of recent demographic changes reveals significant bottlenecks due to beekeeping practices, which have notably affected genetic diversity. Black honey bee populations from conservatories, particularly those on islands, exhibit considerable genetic loss, highlighting the need to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of current conservation strategies. Additionally, we observed a high degree of conservation in the genomic landscapes of nucleotide diversity across the four species, despite a divergence gradient spanning over 15 million years, consistent with a long-term conservation of the recombination landscapes. Taken together, our results provide the most comprehensive assessment of diversity patterns in honey bees to date and offer insights into the optimal management of resources to ensure the long-term persistence of honey bees and their invaluable pollination services.
(© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)

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Keywords: Apis; demographic modeling; genetic diversity; genomic landscapes; honey bees; recombination

Date Created: 20241218 Date Completed: 20241218 Latest Revision: 20250104

20250104

PMC11653568

10.1093/molbev/msae249

39692632