Complete Genome Sequence and In Vitro Probiotic Assessment of Bacillus subtilis DC-11 Isolated from Traditionally Fermented Idli Batter.

Publisher: Springer International Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7808448 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-0991 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03438651 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: New York, Springer International.

Probiotics* ; Bacillus subtilis*/genetics ; Bacillus subtilis*/metabolism ; Bacillus subtilis*/isolation & purification ; Genome, Bacterial* ; Biofilms*/growth & development ; Whole Genome Sequencing*; Humans ; Caco-2 Cells ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Fermented Foods/microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Fermentation ; Virulence Factors/genetics

In this study, we reported in vitro probiotic assessment and complete genome sequence of Bacillus subtilis DC-11 isolated from traditionally fermented Idli Batter. The strain was evaluated for probiotic properties, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial compound production. The phenotypic safety was determined by accessing the strain's ability to produce enterotoxins, degrade mucin, and antibiotic sensitivity. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to identify the strain and determine genetic safety by analyzing the presence of plasmids, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. In the results, B. subtilis DC-11 showed 88.98% viability in gastric juice, and 98.60% viability in intestinal juice. It showed 18.33 ± 0.44% autoaggregation, 32.53 ± 3.11% adhesion to xylene, 0.98 ± 0.05 OD unit's adhesion to mucin (crystal violet equivalence at 550 nm), 21.2 ± 2.3% adhesion to Caco-2 cells, and - 22.3 ± 0.65 mV zeta potential. The highest co-aggregation was recorded with Escherichia coli (23.62 ± 0.70%). The strain was found negative for enterotoxin production, mucin degradation, and antibiotic resistance to the commonly used therapeutic antibiotics. It formed a good biofilm and capable of producing antimicrobial peptide subtilosin A with a molecular mass of 3400 Da. The peptide has inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (18.6 ± 0.58 mm). In genetic safety, no plasmids, antibiotic-resistant genes, and virulence factors were detected. Moreover, the strain showed close similarity with B. subtilis ATCC 6051 and proteins involved in probiotic attributes. In conclusion, B. subtilis DC-11 is safe potential probiotic candidate.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing Interests: Ahire JJ was employed by Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Limited. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories had no direct and indirect role in the design/analysis/writing/publication of this research article. Other authors have no conflict of interest to declare. Ethical Approval: This study does not contain any work related with participation of humans and/or animals. Informed Consent: Not applicable.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

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Date Created: 20241210 Date Completed: 20241210 Latest Revision: 20241210

20241210

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