Impact of associated factors and adherence to Mediterranean diet on insomnia among Arab men living in Jordan.

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011-

Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders*/epidemiology ; Diet, Mediterranean* ; Arabs*; Humans ; Male ; Jordan/epidemiology ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Aged

The detrimental health and economic burdens associated with insomnia have led to investigations examining its prevalence and potential predictors to utilize this information in insomnia prevention/treatment. Ethnicity, gender, and lifestyle habits are among the important predictors associated with insomnia. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of insomnia and potential predictors of insomnia among Arab men living in Jordan, including Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence. The inclusion criteria of this cross-sectional, correlational study were: (1) being a male; (2) aged 18 and older; and (3) able to read, write, and speak the Arabic language. Online questionnaires were used to assess participants' sociodemographic information, adherence to the MD, physical activity, and insomnia. Results demonstrated that there was a high prevalence of insomnia (53.9%) among the study's participants (N = 529). Moreover, in the unadjusted model, the study revealed that being unemployed (OR = 1.90, p = 0.018), categorized as dehydrated (OR = 1.20, p = 0.020), overweight (OR = 1.30, p = 0.035), sleeping less than 6 hours/day (OR = 2.10, p < 0.001), and having high adherence to the MD (OR = 1.60, p = 0.010) were predictors of insomnia. Meanwhile, the adjusted multivariate logistic regression model indicated that being married (OR = 1.20, p = 0.020) played a significant protective role against developing insomnia among Arab men. While high adherence to MD (OR = 1.642, p = 0.028) and sleeping less than 6 hours/day (OR = 2.760, p < 0.001) were relative risk factors for experiencing insomnia. The high prevalence of insomnia in this population and the identification of possible predictors associated with insomnia, and the unexpected relationship between adherence to the MD and insomnia warrant further in-depth investigations that may help promote the understanding of the factors associated with insomnia and facilitate the development of interventions to target it.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Institutional review board approval: This study was approved by the University of Petra Institutional Review Board (IRB). #H1/1/2021.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022 Jul 10;19(1):82. (PMID: 35818066)
Clin Geriatr Med. 2021 Aug;37(3):401-415. (PMID: 34210446)
Sleep. 2004 Sep 15;27(6):1163-9. (PMID: 15532211)
J Clin Med. 2021 Dec 03;10(23):. (PMID: 34884392)
East Mediterr Health J. 2022 Oct 30;28(10):707-718. (PMID: 36382725)
Sleep Med Rev. 2021 Jun;57:101430. (PMID: 33549913)
Nutrients. 2018 Mar 31;10(4):. (PMID: 29614726)
BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Feb 8;21(1):84. (PMID: 33557765)
Sleep Med Rev. 2021 Oct;59:101456. (PMID: 33640704)
Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 18;13(1):13493. (PMID: 37596403)
J Health Psychol. 2019 Jul;24(8):1125-1133. (PMID: 28810381)
Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Oct;89:531-542. (PMID: 32485289)
Cureus. 2023 Aug 29;15(8):e44342. (PMID: 37779810)
Sleep Med Rev. 2021 Jun;57:101426. (PMID: 33571893)
J Clin Sleep Med. 2021 Feb 1;17(2):263-298. (PMID: 33164741)
Nutrients. 2020 Jun 26;12(6):. (PMID: 32604818)
Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Aug;104(2):462-9. (PMID: 27413124)
Eur J Public Health. 2020 Feb 1;30(1):144-149. (PMID: 31280305)
Sleep Med Rev. 2018 Aug;40:170-182. (PMID: 29366543)
Nutrients. 2023 Jul 18;15(14):. (PMID: 37513597)
Int J Public Health. 2022 Jul 20;67:1604723. (PMID: 35936997)
J Sleep Res. 2019 Jun;28(3):e12662. (PMID: 29411452)
BMJ. 2005 Apr 30;330(7498):991. (PMID: 15820966)
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 1;16(3):e0247269. (PMID: 33647026)
Nutrients. 2016 Nov 23;8(11):. (PMID: 27886073)
Sleep Sci. 2021 Jan-Mar;14(1):47-54. (PMID: 34104337)
Sleep Breath. 2022 Mar;26(1):89-97. (PMID: 33813674)
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jan 20;16(2):. (PMID: 30669511)
Healthcare (Basel). 2018 Dec 20;7(1):. (PMID: 30577441)
BMC Nutr. 2022 Jun 29;8(1):60. (PMID: 35768855)
Ann Ig. 2018 Nov-Dec;30(6):470-481. (PMID: 30614496)
Ind Health. 2019 Nov 29;57(6):701-710. (PMID: 30918160)
Front Psychol. 2022 Feb 04;12:786491. (PMID: 35185686)
Biomed Res Int. 2019 Oct 31;2019:7136906. (PMID: 31781637)
Nutrients. 2019 Jan 01;11(1):. (PMID: 30609670)
Nutrients. 2022 Jul 21;14(14):. (PMID: 35889954)
Am J Hum Biol. 2020 Jan;32(1):e23338. (PMID: 31631450)
J Psychosom Res. 2000 Jun;48(6):555-60. (PMID: 11033374)
Nutrients. 2020 May 10;12(5):. (PMID: 32397621)
J Transl Med. 2019 May 22;17(1):169. (PMID: 31118060)
Curr Nutr Rep. 2018 Dec;7(4):235-258. (PMID: 30187293)
Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Dec 23;58(1):. (PMID: 35056325)
Int J Nurs Sci. 2020 Sep 13;7(4):466-476. (PMID: 33195760)
J Intern Med. 2021 Sep;290(3):549-566. (PMID: 34423871)
Foods. 2020 Apr 10;9(4):. (PMID: 32290044)
Nutrients. 2021 Jul 27;13(8):. (PMID: 34444731)
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 19;18(4):. (PMID: 33669583)
J Sleep Res. 2022 Feb;31(1):e13432. (PMID: 34245055)
Sleep Med Rev. 2019 Jun;45:1-17. (PMID: 30844624)

Keywords: Arab Men; Associated Factors; Insomnia; Jordan; Mediterranean Diet (MD)

Date Created: 20241205 Date Completed: 20241205 Latest Revision: 20241209

20241210

PMC11621446

10.1038/s41598-024-77599-w

39639032