Association between serum carotenoids and migraine in adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES data.

Publisher: Steinkopff Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 100888704 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1436-6215 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14366207 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Darmstadt, Germany : Steinkopff, 1999-

Carotenoids*/blood ; Migraine Disorders*/blood ; Migraine Disorders*/epidemiology ; Nutrition Surveys*/statistics & numerical data ; Nutrition Surveys*/methods; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; Risk Factors ; beta Carotene/blood ; Lutein/blood ; Zeaxanthins/blood ; Aged

Background: Little is known regarding the impact of serum carotenoids, a class of compounds having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, on migraine. This study aimed to examine the association between serum carotenoid levels and migraine risk among United States adults.
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 7744 individuals aged 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2001 and 2004. The concentrations of five serum carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin) and retinol were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Migraine was diagnosed when participants reported that they had severe headaches or migraines during the past three months. Weighted multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to determine the association between serum carotenoid levels and migraine risk.
Results: Among the 7744 participants enrolled in the study, 1595 (20.6%) had migraine. Compared with the lowest quartiles, the highest quartiles of the three serum carotenoids were associated with a lower risk of migraine, with a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57-0.97) for α-carotene, 0.64 (95% CI, 0.49-0.83) for β-carotene, and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.53-0.78) for lutein + zeaxanthin, while the third quartile of serum β-cryptoxanthin had lower odds of migraine (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54-0.90). The U-shaped patterns of nonlinear relationships between serum β-cryptoxanthin and lutein + zeaxanthin levels and migraine risk were represented by restricted cubic splines. No association was observed between serum lycopene and retinol levels and migraine.
Conclusions: Low serum carotenoid levels were associated with an increased risk of migraine. Further prospective investigations are warranted to clarify the causative relationship and explore the possible prevention and treatment of migraine using carotenoid supplementation.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Board, and all participants signed the informed consent. Conflict of interest: None.
(© 2024. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

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Keywords: Anti-inflammation; Antioxidant; Carotenoid; Migraine; National health and nutrition examination survey

36-88-4 (Carotenoids)
01YAE03M7J (beta Carotene)
X72A60C9MT (Lutein)
0 (Zeaxanthins)
45XWE1Z69V (alpha-carotene)

Date Created: 20241128 Date Completed: 20241128 Latest Revision: 20241128

20241202

10.1007/s00394-024-03550-4

39607608