A Taxonomy and Archetypes of AI-Based Health Care Services: Qualitative Study.

Publisher: JMIR Publications Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 100959882 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1438-8871 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14388871 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Med Internet Res Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: <2011- > : Toronto : JMIR Publications
Original Publication: [Pittsburgh, PA? : s.n., 1999-

Artificial Intelligence* ; COVID-19*; Humans ; Delivery of Health Care ; Qualitative Research ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/classification ; Cluster Analysis

Background: To cope with the enormous burdens placed on health care systems around the world, from the strains and stresses caused by longer life expectancy to the large-scale emergency relief actions required by pandemics like COVID-19, many health care companies have been using artificial intelligence (AI) to adapt their services. Nevertheless, conceptual insights into how AI has been transforming the health care sector are still few and far between. This study aims to provide an overarching structure with which to classify the various real-world phenomena. A clear and comprehensive taxonomy will provide consensus on AI-based health care service offerings and sharpen the view of their adoption in the health care sector.
Objective: The goal of this study is to identify the design characteristics of AI-based health care services.
Methods: We propose a multilayered taxonomy created in accordance with an established method of taxonomy development. In doing so, we applied 268 AI-based health care services, conducted a structured literature review, and then evaluated the resulting taxonomy. Finally, we performed a cluster analysis to identify the archetypes of AI-based health care services.
Results: We identified 4 critical perspectives: agents, data, AI, and health impact. Furthermore, a cluster analysis yielded 13 archetypes that demonstrate our taxonomy's applicability.
Conclusions: This contribution to conceptual knowledge of AI-based health care services enables researchers as well as practitioners to analyze such services and improve their theory-led design.
(©Marlene Blaß, Henner Gimpel, Philip Karnebogen. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 27.11.2024.)

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Keywords: AI; archetypes; artificial intelligence; cluster analysis; healthcare; services; taxonomy

Date Created: 20241127 Date Completed: 20241127 Latest Revision: 20241214

20241214

PMC11635336

10.2196/53986

39602787