Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on microbiota composition and metabolite levels in the small intestine of constipated mice.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100966981 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2180 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712180 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-

Saccharomyces boulardii*/metabolism ; Probiotics*/administration & dosage ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome* ; Intestine, Small*/microbiology ; Intestine, Small*/metabolism ; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase*/metabolism; Animals ; Mice ; Loperamide ; Male ; Aquaporin 3/metabolism ; Aquaporin 3/genetics ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal

Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) is a fungal probiotic used to treat digestive disorders. However, the mechanism(s) by which S. boulardii affects the small intestine remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of S. boulardii on the small intestine and the underlying mechanisms in mice with loperamide-induced constipation. While S. boulardii administration did not fully reverse the alterations in loperamide-induced defecation parameters, it altered the small intestinal floral composition toward a community conducive to alleviate constipation. Moreover, S. boulardii up-regulated the expression of tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (c-Kit), aquaporin 3 (AQP3), interleukin (IL)-10, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and phosphorylated myosin light chain 20 (P-MLC20), while concurrently down-regulating the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), p65, and IL-17 A. These alterations indicate a discernible effect of small intestinal water reabsorption, inflammatory factor levels, and smooth muscle contraction. Saccharomyces boulardii also positively regulated small intestinal metabolite levels, such as fructose 6-phosphate, dihomo-alpha-linolenic acid, and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) lactate, and participated in metabolic pathways such as arginine biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, and protein digestion and absorption. While not fully reversing defecation changes, Saccharomyces boulardii alters intestinal flora, up-regulates key proteins affecting water reabsorption and inflammation, and positively influences metabolic pathways. Our study provides serves as a basis for further studies on the application of S. boulardii in the treatment of intestinal disorders.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (2022-X18-71). Patient consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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TJWJ2023MS069 Tianjin Municipal Health Commission

Keywords: Constipation; KEGG pathway; Loperamide; Metabolite; Saccharomyces boulardii

EC 2.7.11.18 (Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase)
6X9OC3H4II (Loperamide)
158801-98-0 (Aquaporin 3)
EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II)
0 (Aqp3 protein, mouse)

Date Created: 20241123 Date Completed: 20241123 Latest Revision: 20241125

20241126

PMC11585213

10.1186/s12866-024-03647-0

39578737