Ultrasound-assisted fabrication of chitosan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nanoemulsions loaded with thymol and cinnamaldehyde: Physicochemical properties, stability, and antifungal activity.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7909578 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0003 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01418130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Biol Macromol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier
      Original Publication: Guildford, Eng., IPC Science and Technology Press.
    • Subject Terms:
      Chitosan*/chemistry ; Chitosan*/pharmacology ; Emulsions* ; Antifungal Agents*/pharmacology ; Antifungal Agents*/chemistry ; Acrolein*/analogs & derivatives ; Acrolein*/chemistry ; Acrolein*/pharmacology ; Thymol*/chemistry ; Thymol*/pharmacology ; Hypromellose Derivatives*/chemistry; Chemical Phenomena ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Ultrasonic Waves ; Particle Size ; Viscosity ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Drug Stability
    • Abstract:
      This study investigated the influence of chitosan (CH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (H), along with ultrasound power, on the physicochemical properties, antifungal activity, and stability of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions containing thymol and cinnamaldehyde in a 7:3 (v/v) ratio. Eight O/W formulations were prepared using CH, H, and a 1:1 (v/v) blend of CH and H, both with and without ultrasonication (U). Compared to untreated samples, U-treated nanoemulsions had lower droplet sizes (433-301 nm), polydispersity index (0.42-0.47), and zeta potential (-0.42-0.77 mV). The U treatment decreased L* and b* values, increased a* color attribute values, and increased apparent viscosity (0.26-2.17) at the same shear rate. After 28 days, microbiological testing of nanoemulsions treated with U showed counts below the detection limits (< 2 log CFU mL -1 ). The U-treated nanoemulsions exhibited stronger antifungal effects against R. stolonifer, with the NE/CH-U and NE/CH-H-U formulations demonstrating the lowest minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations, measured at 0.12 and 0.24 μL/mL, respectively. On day 28, U-treated nanoemulsions demonstrated higher ionic, thermal, and physical stability than untreated samples. These findings suggest that the stability and antifungal efficacy of polysaccharide-based nanoemulsions may be improved by ultrasonic treatment. This study paves the way for innovative, highly stable nanoemulsions.
      Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
      (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Chitosan; Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; O/W nanoemulsion; Rhizopus stolonifer; Thymol-Cinnamaldehyde combination; Ultrasonic treatment
    • Accession Number:
      9012-76-4 (Chitosan)
      SR60A3XG0F (cinnamaldehyde)
      0 (Emulsions)
      0 (Antifungal Agents)
      7864XYD3JJ (Acrolein)
      3J50XA376E (Thymol)
      3NXW29V3WO (Hypromellose Derivatives)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20241005 Date Completed: 20241116 Latest Revision: 20241116
    • Publication Date:
      20241118
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136278
    • Accession Number:
      39368575