Kritikkens nødvendighed eller det venligt fjendtlige samarbejde mellem forskerne. (Danish)

The Necessity of Criticism or The Friendly-Hostile Cooperation Between Scientists. (English)

This article deals with the internal pressure in universities, in that scientists themselves block scientific criticism. The widespread relativism of social constructivism has developed into an extreme version of the previously prevailing mantra of academia -- if you leave me alone, I promise not to interfere in your niche. To get out of this dilemma, the author reintroduces Popper's famous expression: The friendly-hostile cooperation between scientists. It concerns basic social relations within research. These relations are constantly under pressure and might disintegrate into ordinary wage labour, a kind of wage labour in which criticism is understood as lack of solidarity, and the absence of scientific criticism is seen as a result of successful restriction on competition. The article starts with Umberto Eco's self-critical statement that there are limits to interpretation, and then addresses Popper's concept of science and objectivity as sociological terms under discussion. In Popper's concept, permanent scientific criticism by peers and The Critical Attitude are the crux of the matter. It is argued that the "normal scientific" rejection of Popper for being a "falsificationist" and an empiricist is wrong. Popper's concept of criticism is employed to examine the possibilities of a showdown with the recent decades of social constructivist criticism of reason and enlightenment, and to establish (institutionalized) criticism as a decisive factor for the survival of the universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universiteterne er i krise og har været under pres udefra i mange år. Denne artikel behandler det interne pres på universiteterne. Forskerne selv blokerer den faglige kritik, livsnerven i det videnskabelige arbejde. Den populære socialkonstruktivistiske relativisme har udviklet sig til en ekstrem udgave af tidligere tiders herskende akademiske mantra -- hvis du lader mig i fred, forstyrrer jeg ikke din niche. For at komme ud af dødwandet genintroduceres Karl Poppers berømte udtryk Det Venligt-fjendtlige Samarbejde mellem Forskerne. Det drejer sig om de grundlæggende sociale relationer i forskningen, der hele tiden truer med at blive nedbrudt til alene at være almindeligt lønarbejde, hvor kritik tolkes som mangel på solidaritet, og den udeblevne faglige kritik udtrykker en vellykket konkurrencebegrænsning. Med udgangspunkt i Umberto Ecos selvkritiske udsagn om, at der er grænser for fortolkning, diskuteres Poppers begreb om videnskabelighed og objektivitet som sociologiske begreber. Her spiller den permanente faglige kritik og Den kritiske holdning den centrale rolle, og det vises gennem en diskussion af kritikken af Popper, at den "normalvidenskabelige" afvisning af Popper som falsifikationist og empirist er forfejlet. Udviklingen af Poppers kritikbegreb benyttes til at undersøge mulighederne for et opgør med de sidste årtiers socialkonstruktivistisk fornufts- og oplysningskritik og for at etablere (institutionalisere) kritikken som afgørende for universiteternes eksistens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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