Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of a non-pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza virus coevolved during the acquisition of intranasal pathogenicity in chickens.

Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Austria NLM ID: 7506870 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-8798 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03048608 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Virol Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Wien, New York, Springer-Verlag.

Chickens*/virology ; Neuraminidase*/genetics ; Neuraminidase*/metabolism ; Influenza in Birds*/virology ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus*/genetics ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus*/metabolism ; Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype*/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype*/genetics; Animals ; Virulence ; Evolution, Molecular ; Mutation ; Poultry Diseases/virology ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; Viral Proteins/metabolism

Polybasic amino acid residues at the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site are insufficient to induce the highly pathogenic phenotype of avian influenza viruses in chickens. In our previous study, an H7N7 avian influenza virus named "Vac2sub-P0", which is nonpathogenic despite carrying polybasic amino acids at the HA cleavage site, was passaged in chick air sacs, and a virus with high intravenous pathogenicity, Vac2sub-P3, was obtained. Intranasal infection with Vac2sub-P3 resulted in limited lethality in chickens; therefore, in this study, this virus was further passaged in chicken lungs, and the resultant virus, Vac2sub-P3L4, acquired high intranasal pathogenicity. Experimental infection of chickens with recombinant viruses demonstrated that mutations in HA and neuraminidase (NA) found in consecutive passages were responsible for the increased pathogenicity. The HA and NA functions of Vac2sub-P3L4 were compared with those of the parental virus in vitro; the virus growth at 40 °C was faster, the binding affinity to a sialic acid receptor was lower, and the rate of release by NA from the cell surface was lower, suggesting that these changes enabled the virus to replicate efficiently in chickens with high intranasal pathogenicity. This study demonstrates that viruses that are highly pathogenic when administered intranasally require additional adaptations for increased pathogenicity to be highly lethal to intranasally infected chickens.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

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JP233fa627005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development; JP23jm0110019 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development; JP18fm0208026 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development; JP18fm0108008 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development; JPMJSP2119 Japan Science and Technology Agency; 1801 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; JP23KJ0059 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Keywords: Chicken; Hemagglutinin; High-pathogenicity avian influenza virus; Intranasal pathogenicity; Neuraminidase

EC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase)
0 (Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus)
0 (Viral Proteins)

Date Created: 20240922 Date Completed: 20240922 Latest Revision: 20241015

20241016

10.1007/s00705-024-06118-z

39307848