Comparison of bipolar membrane electrodialysis, electrodialysis metathesis, and bipolar membrane electrodialysis multifunction for the conversion of waste Na 2 SO 4 : Process performance and economic analysis.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0401664 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-8630 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03014797 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Environ Manage Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: London ; New York, Academic Press.
    • Subject Terms:
      Dialysis*/methods; Sulfates ; Membranes, Artificial
    • Abstract:
      To convert Na 2 SO 4 into other high-value products (NaOH, H 2 SO 4 , and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ), three types of cell configurations of electrodialysis (ED) were applied (three-compartment bipolar membrane ED (BMED), four-compartment ED metathesis (EDM) and five-compartment bipolar membrane ED multifunction (BMEDM)) and parameters such as average voltage variation, removal ratio of salt, product concentration, conversion rate, ion flux, and energy consumption were calculated and compared. The experimental results and calculations indicated that the overall performance of BMEDM was inferior to that of BMED and EDM. An industrial model was established, which indicated that the net profit from converting Na 2 SO 4 using BMEDM was always higher than that from BMED and EDM. Based on the advantages of low investment (132 $) and energy cost (152 $/t Na 2 SO 4 ), EDM was applicable to factories with a low output of Na 2 SO 4 (production capacity <45%), whereas BMED (157.3 $/t Na 2 SO 4 ) and BMED-5 (227.6 $/t Na 2 SO 4 ) were applicable to factories with a high output of Na 2 SO 4 (production capacity >45%) based on high net profits.
      Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest I am authorized on behalf of all the authors of this manuscript to confirm that no author has any conflict of interest to disclose, the work in this manuscript is original and has not been published previously, and the manuscript is not under consideration by any other journal.
      (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED); Bipolar membrane electrodialysis multifunction (BMEDM); Cell configurations; Electrodialysis metathesis (EDM); Waste Na(2)SO(4)
    • Accession Number:
      0YPR65R21J (sodium sulfate)
      0 (Sulfates)
      0 (Membranes, Artificial)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240920 Date Completed: 20241116 Latest Revision: 20241116
    • Publication Date:
      20241118
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122513
    • Accession Number:
      39303601