Comparison of Industry-Sponsored Trials (IST) and Investigator-Initiated Trials (IIT) in Advanced Genitourinary Cancers in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and France.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101260955 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1938-0682 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15587673 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Genitourin Cancer Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: <2009-> : [New York] : Elsevier
      Original Publication: Dallas, Tex. : Cancer Information Group, c2005-
    • Subject Terms:
      Clinical Trials as Topic* ; Drug Industry*/economics ; Urogenital Neoplasms*/drug therapy; Humans ; United States ; Canada ; United Kingdom ; France ; Male ; Research Support as Topic ; Research Personnel
    • Abstract:
      Background: Clinical trials are categorized as industry sponsored trials (ISTs) or investigator-initiated trials (IITs) based on the source of funding and sponsor of the trial. ISTs are usually run by pharmaceutical companies, and are primarily aimed at developing new drugs that ultimately gain regulatory approval. IITs are developed by academic investigators or cooperative groups, often sparked by a clinical need. Both are vital in advancing the field of oncology. To date, little has been published about current trends in ISTs or IITs in genitourinary (GU) oncology. The aim of this study was to assess growth trends of GU oncology ISTs and IITs in 4 countries with similar healthcare infrastructures.
      Methods: We searched ClinicalTrials.gov for bladder, kidney, and prostate cancer trials conducted in the United States (US), Canada, France, and United Kingdom (UK) from January 2007 to December 2021. Trials were determined to be ISTs or IITs based on their funding source and sponsor. Trials were characterized based on type, purpose, phase, participants, masking, assignment, and allocation.
      Results: Overall, 5,834 GU trials were identified, with a balanced distribution of ISTs (n = 3064, n = 52.5%) and IITs (n = 2770, 47.4%). By country, the US conducted the most GU trials (n = 3814) followed by Canada (n = 709), France (n = 677), and the UK (n = 634). Most ISTs were phase 3 trials with over 500 participants while most IITs were open-label phase 2 studies with only 20-49 participants. From 2017 onwards, there was a shift towards more ISTs, most noticeably in Canada and the UK. The COVID-19 pandemic did not have a major impact on the growth of ISTs and IITs.
      Conclusion: The gap between ISTs and IITs continues to widen, likely driven by resource and funding challenges faced by investigators. Barriers to completing IITs need to be better understood to promote IIT development and maintain their academically driven intentions.
      Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors have stated that they have no conflicts of interest.
      (Crown Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Academic; Clinical trials; Clinician investigator; Cooperative group; Genitourinary malignancy
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240919 Date Completed: 20241128 Latest Revision: 20241204
    • Publication Date:
      20241209
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.clgc.2024.102210
    • Accession Number:
      39299034