tRNA modifications and tRNA-derived small RNAs: new insights of tRNA in human disease.

Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 8506639 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-6822 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07422091 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cell Biol Toxicol Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: [Cham] : Springer
Original Publication: Princeton, N.J. : Princeton Scientific Publishers, c1984-

RNA, Transfer*/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer*/genetics ; Neoplasms*/genetics ; Neoplasms*/metabolism; Humans ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/genetics ; RNA, Small Untranslated/genetics ; RNA, Small Untranslated/metabolism ; Animals

tRNAs are codon decoders that convert the transcriptome into the proteome. The field of tRNA research is excited by the increasing discovery of specific tRNA modifications that are installed at specific, evolutionarily conserved positions by a set of specialized tRNA-modifying enzymes and the biogenesis of tRNA-derived regulatory fragments (tsRNAs) which exhibit copious activities through multiple mechanisms. Dysregulation of tRNA modification usually has pathological consequences, a phenomenon referred to as "tRNA modopathy". Current evidence suggests that certain tRNA-modifying enzymes and tsRNAs may serve as promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, particularly for chemoresistant cancers. In this review, we discuss the latest discoveries that elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of clinically relevant tRNA modifications and tsRNAs, with a focus on malignancies. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of tRNA/tsRNA-based therapies, aiming to provide insights for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Further efforts to unravel the complexities inherent in tRNA biology hold the promise of yielding better biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, thereby advancing the development of precision medicine for health improvement.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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22KJB180006 Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province; 82371613 National Natural Science Foundation of China; 32302844 National Natural Science Foundation of China; 2021YFC2700200 National Key Research and Development Program of China

Keywords: Chemoresistance; tRNA modification; tRNA modopathy; tRNA-derived regulatory fragments; tRNA-modifying enzyme

9014-25-9 (RNA, Transfer)
0 (RNA, Small Untranslated)

Date Created: 20240914 Date Completed: 20240914 Latest Revision: 20250103

20250103

PMC11401796

10.1007/s10565-024-09919-9

39276283