The systemic herbicide glyphosate affects the sporulation dynamics of Rhizophagus species more severely than mechanical defoliation or the contact herbicide diquat.

Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 100955036 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1890 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09406360 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mycorrhiza Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Berlin : Springer-Verlag, 1991-

Glyphosate* ; Glycine*/analogs & derivatives ; Glycine*/pharmacology ; Herbicides*/pharmacology ; Spores, Fungal*/drug effects ; Spores, Fungal*/physiology ; Spores, Fungal*/growth & development ; Glomeromycota*/physiology ; Glomeromycota*/drug effects ; Mycorrhizae*/physiology ; Mycorrhizae*/drug effects; Medicago truncatula/microbiology ; Medicago truncatula/physiology ; Medicago truncatula/growth & development ; Medicago truncatula/drug effects ; Solanum tuberosum/microbiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Plant Roots/drug effects

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are totally dependent on a suitable host plant for their carbon resources. Here, we investigated under in vitro conditions, the impact of defoliation practices, i.e., mechanical defoliation or chemical defoliation with a contact herbicide (Reglone®, containing the active ingredient diquat) or systemic herbicide (RoundUp®, containing the active ingredient glyphosate), on the dynamics of spore production of Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizophagus intraradices associated with Solanum tuberosum and/or Medicago truncatula. Glyphosate affected the spore production rate more rapidly and severely than diquat or mechanical defoliation. We hypothesize that this effect was related to disruption of the C metabolism in the whole plant combined with a possible direct effect of glyphosate on the fungus within the roots and/or perhaps in soil via the release of this active ingredient from decaying roots. No glyphosate could be detected in the roots due to technical constraints, while its release from the roots in the medium corresponded to 0.11% of the active ingredient applied to the leaves. The three defoliation practices strongly affected root colonization, compared to the non-defoliated plants. However, the amount of glyphosate released into the medium did not affect spore germination and germ tube growth. These results suggest that the effects of defoliation on the dynamics of spore production are mainly indirect via an impact on the plant, and that the effect is faster and more marked with the glyphosate-formulation, possibly via a direct effect on the fungus in the roots and more unlikely on spore germination.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Statements and Declarations: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

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18/23-095 Action de Recherche Concerté; D31-1246 Direction Générale Opérationnelle Agriculture, Ressources Naturelles et Environnement du Service Public de Wallonie

Keywords: Medicago truncatula; Solanum tuberosum; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Defoliant; Germ tube length; Root colonization

4632WW1X5A (Glyphosate)
TE7660XO1C (Glycine)
0 (Herbicides)

Date Created: 20240911 Date Completed: 20241128 Latest Revision: 20241128

20241202

10.1007/s00572-024-01166-4

39259245