A review of chitosan-based nanocarriers as drug delivery systems for brain diseases: Critical challenges, outlooks and promises.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7909578 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0003 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01418130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Biol Macromol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier
      Original Publication: Guildford, Eng., IPC Science and Technology Press.
    • Subject Terms:
      Drug Carriers*/chemistry ; Blood-Brain Barrier*/metabolism ; Blood-Brain Barrier*/drug effects ; Brain Diseases*/drug therapy ; Chitosan*/chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems*/methods; Humans ; Animals ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/pathology
    • Abstract:
      The administration of medicinal drugs orally or systemically limits the treatment of specific central nervous system (CNS) illnesses, such as certain types of brain cancers. These methods can lead to severe adverse reactions and inadequate transport of drugs to the brain, resulting in limited effectiveness. The CNS homeostasis is maintained by various barriers within the brain, such as the endothelial, epithelial, mesothelial, and glial barriers, which strictly control the movement of chemicals, solutes, and immune cells. Brain capillaries consist of endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular pericytes, with pericytes playing a crucial role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier (BBB), influencing new blood vessel formation, and exhibiting secretory capabilities. This article summarizes the structural components and anatomical characteristics of the BBB. Intranasal administration, a non-invasive method, allows drugs to reach the brain by bypassing the BBB, while direct cerebral administration targets specific brain regions with high concentrations of therapeutic drugs. Technical and mechanical tools now exist to bypass the BBB, enabling the development of more potent and safer medications for neurological disorders. This review also covers clinical trials, formulations, challenges, and patents for a comprehensive perspective.
      Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
      (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Blood-brain barrier; Central nervous system; Chitosan nanoparticles; Drug delivery; Neurodegenerative diseases
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Drug Carriers)
      9012-76-4 (Chitosan)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240823 Date Completed: 20240917 Latest Revision: 20240917
    • Publication Date:
      20240917
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134962
    • Accession Number:
      39179064