Tumour lysis syndrome.

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101672103 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2056-676X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2056676X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Rev Dis Primers Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, [2015]-

Tumor Lysis Syndrome*/physiopathology ; Tumor Lysis Syndrome*/etiology ; Tumor Lysis Syndrome*/diagnosis ; Tumor Lysis Syndrome*/complications ; Allopurinol*/therapeutic use; Humans ; Hyperuricemia/physiopathology ; Hyperuricemia/complications ; Urate Oxidase/therapeutic use ; Hyperkalemia/physiopathology ; Hyperkalemia/etiology ; Hyperkalemia/therapy ; Uric Acid ; Xanthine ; Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Neoplasms/complications

Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) represents a critical oncological emergency characterized by extensive tumour cell breakdown, leading to the swift release of intracellular contents into the systemic circulation, outpacing homeostatic mechanisms. This process results in hyperuricaemia (a by-product of intracellular DNA release), hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia and the accumulation of xanthine. These electrolyte and metabolic imbalances pose a significant risk of acute kidney injury, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, multiorgan failure and, rarely, death. While TLS can occur spontaneously, it usually arises shortly after the initiation of effective treatment, particularly in patients with a large cancer cell mass (defined as ≥500 g or ≥300 g/m ² of body surface area in children). To prevent TLS, close monitoring and hydration to improve renal perfusion and urine output and to minimize uric acid or calcium phosphate precipitation in renal tubules are essential. Intervention is based on the risk of a patient of having TLS and can include rasburicase and allopurinol. Xanthine, typically enzymatically converted to uric acid, can accumulate when xanthine oxidases, such as allopurinol, are administered during TLS management. Whether measurement of xanthine is clinically useful to optimize the use of allopurinol or rasburicase remains to be determined.
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Erratum in: Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2024 Sep 9;10(1):65. doi: 10.1038/s41572-024-00557-3. (PMID: 39251620)

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63CZ7GJN5I (Allopurinol)
08GY9K1EUO (rasburicase)
EC 1.7.3.3 (Urate Oxidase)
268B43MJ25 (Uric Acid)
1AVZ07U9S7 (Xanthine)

Date Created: 20240822 Date Completed: 20240822 Latest Revision: 20240909

20240910

10.1038/s41572-024-00542-w

39174582