The different associations of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransferase with insulin secretion, β-cell function, and insulin resistance in non-obese Japanese.

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011-

gamma-Glutamyltransferase*/blood ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase*/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin-Secreting Cells*/metabolism ; Alanine Transaminase*/blood ; Alanine Transaminase*/metabolism ; Insulin Secretion*; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Japan ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin/metabolism ; Adult ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; East Asian People

The present study investigated the associations of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a marker of fatty liver and oxidative stress, and ALT/AST, a marker of fatty liver, with percentage trunk fat and postload glucose, insulin resistance, and β-cell function in middle-aged Japanese individuals, whose BMI averaged < 23.0 kg/m ² . Pancreatic β-cell function was assessed using the disposition index calculated by a product of the insulinogenic index (IGI) and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index, a biomarker of early-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and whole-body insulin sensitivity, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that the disposition index was associated inversely with GGT independently of percentage trunk fat, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a marker of insulin resistance, and Matsuda index. When IGI was included instead of the disposition index, IGI (inversely) and HOMA-IR were associated with GGT independently of percentage trunk fat and Matsuda index. When the area under the glucose concentration curve (AUCg) during an oral glucose tolerance test was included instead of the disposition index, AUCg and HOMA-IR emerged as independent determinants of GGT. ALT/AST was associated with HOMA-IR alone. Results suggest a different pathophysiologic basis between GGT and ALT/AST in predicting diabetic risk in non-obese Japanese.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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Keywords: ALT/AST glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; Gamma-glutamyl transferase; Insulin resistance; Japanese people; β-cell function

EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-Glutamyltransferase)
EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Transaminase)
0 (Insulin)
0 (Biomarkers)
0 (Blood Glucose)

Date Created: 20240820 Date Completed: 20240820 Latest Revision: 20240823

20240826

PMC11336068

10.1038/s41598-024-70396-5

39164380