Southern African Origin of HTLV-1 in Romania.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101291488 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1935-2735 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19352727 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
    • Subject Terms:
      Phylogeny* ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1*/genetics ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1*/classification ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1*/isolation & purification ; HTLV-I Infections*/virology ; HTLV-I Infections*/epidemiology ; Genetic Variation* ; Terminal Repeat Sequences*/genetics; Romania/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Africa, Southern/epidemiology ; Aged
    • Abstract:
      In Europe, most HTLV-1-infected individuals originate from highly endemic regions such as West Indies, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. The only genuine endemic region for HTLV-1 in Europe is Romania where ATL series have been reported among Romanian patients. Our objective is to better understand the origin of this endemic focus based on a study of the genetic diversity of HTLV-1 in Romanians. DNA was obtained from PBMCs/buffy coats of 11 unrelated HTLV-1-infected individuals of Romanian origin. They include 9 ATL cases and 2 asymptomatic carriers. LTR sequences were obtained for all specimens. Complete genomic HTLV-1 sequences were obtained using four PCR series on 10 specimens. Phylogenetic trees were generated from multiple alignments using HTLV-1 prototypic sequences and the new generated sequences. Most of the complete LTR sequences (756-bp) showed low nucleotide diversity, ranging from 0% to 0.8% difference, and were closely related (less than 0.8% divergence) to the only previously characterized Romanian strain, RKI2. One strain, ROU7, diverged slightly (1.5% on average) from the others. Phylogenetic analyses both on partial LTR and the complete genome demonstrate that the 11 sequences belong to the HTLV-1a cosmopolitan genotype and 10 of them belong to the previously denominated a-TC Mozambique-Southern Africa A subgroup. In this study, we demonstrated that the HTLV-1 present in Romania most probably originated in Southern Africa. As most Romanian HTLV-1 strains are very closely related, we can assume that HTLV-1 has been introduced into the Romanian population recently. Further studies are ongoing to decipher the routes of arrival and dissemination of these HTLV-1 strains, and to date the emergence of this endemic focus in Central Europe.
      Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
      (Copyright: © 2024 Cassar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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    • Accession Number:
      0 (DNA, Viral)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240806 Date Completed: 20240806 Latest Revision: 20240808
    • Publication Date:
      20240808
    • Accession Number:
      PMC11302904
    • Accession Number:
      10.1371/journal.pntd.0012337
    • Accession Number:
      39106239