Effects of concurrent training and N-acetylcysteine supplementation on cardiac remodeling and oxidative stress in middle-aged spontaneously hypertensive rats.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968539 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2261 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712261 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Cardiovasc Disord Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-
    • Subject Terms:
      Rats, Inbred SHR* ; Oxidative Stress*/drug effects ; Acetylcysteine*/pharmacology ; Ventricular Remodeling*/drug effects ; Hypertension*/physiopathology ; Hypertension*/drug therapy ; Hypertension*/metabolism ; NADPH Oxidases*/metabolism ; NADPH Oxidases*/genetics; Animals ; Male ; Rats ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Disease Models, Animal ; NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase 2/genetics ; NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase 4/genetics ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Myocardium/pathology ; Lipid Peroxides/metabolism ; Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects ; Dietary Supplements ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
    • Abstract:
      Background: This study evaluated the effects of concurrent isolated training (T) or training combined with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cardiac remodeling and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
      Methods: Six-month-old male SHR were divided into sedentary (S, n = 12), concurrent training (T, n = 13), sedentary supplemented with NAC (SNAC, n = 13), and concurrent training with NAC supplementation (TNAC, n = 14) groups. T and TNAC rats were trained three times a week on a treadmill and ladder; NAC supplemented groups received 120 mg/kg/day NAC in rat chow for eight weeks. Myocardial antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid hydroperoxide concentration were assessed by spectrophotometry. Gene expression of NADPH oxidase subunits Nox2, Nox4, p22 phox, and p47 phox was evaluated by real time RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn.
      Results: Echocardiogram showed concentric remodeling in TNAC, characterized by increased relative wall thickness (S 0.40 ± 0.04; T 0.39 ± 0.03; SNAC 0.40 ± 0.04; TNAC 0.43 ± 0.04 *; * p < 0.05 vs T and SNAC) and diastolic posterior wall thickness (S 1.50 ± 0.12; T 1.52 ± 0.10; SNAC 1.56 ± 0.12; TNAC 1.62 ± 0.14 * mm; * p < 0.05 vs T), with improved contractile function (posterior wall shortening velocity: S 39.4 ± 5.01; T 36.4 ± 2.96; SNAC 39.7 ± 3.44; TNAC 41.6 ± 3.57 * mm/s; * p < 0.05 vs T). Myocardial lipid hydroperoxide concentration was lower in NAC treated groups (S 210 ± 48; T 182 ± 43; SNAC 159 ± 33 *; TNAC 110 ± 23 * # nmol/g tissue; * p < 0.05 vs S, # p < 0.05 vs T and SNAC). Nox 2 and p22 phox expression was higher and p47 phox lower in T than S [S 1.37 (0.66-1.66); T 0.78 (0.61-1.04) *; SNAC 1.07 (1.01-1.38); TNAC 1.06 (1.01-1.15) arbitrary units; * p < 0.05 vs S]. NADPH oxidase subunits did not differ between TNAC, SNAC, and S groups.
      Conclusion: N-acetylcysteine supplementation alone reduces oxidative stress in untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats. The combination of N-acetylcysteine and concurrent exercise further decreases oxidative stress. However, the lower oxidative stress does not translate into improved cardiac remodeling and function in untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats.
      (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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    • Grant Information:
      307703/2022-3 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; 307280/2022-5 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; 2021/10923-5 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Arterial hypertension; Cardiac function; Echocardiogram; Oxidative stress; Physical exercise; SHR
    • Accession Number:
      WYQ7N0BPYC (Acetylcysteine)
      EC 1.6.3.- (NADPH Oxidases)
      0 (Antioxidants)
      EC 1.6.3.- (NADPH Oxidase 2)
      EC 1.6.3.- (Cybb protein, rat)
      EC 1.6.3.1 (Cyba protein, rat)
      EC 1.6.3.- (Nox4 protein, rat)
      EC 1.6.3.- (NADPH Oxidase 4)
      EC 1.6.3.1 (neutrophil cytosolic factor 1)
      0 (Membrane Glycoproteins)
      0 (Lipid Peroxides)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240805 Date Completed: 20240806 Latest Revision: 20241113
    • Publication Date:
      20241114
    • Accession Number:
      PMC11299285
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s12872-024-04075-8
    • Accession Number:
      39103770