Recurrent inhibition refines mental templates to optimize perceptual decisions.

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101653440 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2375-2548 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23752548 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Adv Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Washington, DC : American Association for the Advancement of Science, [2015]-

Decision Making*/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*/methods ; Visual Cortex*/physiology; Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism ; Visual Perception/physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Young Adult ; Brain Mapping

Translating sensory inputs to perceptual decisions relies on building internal representations of features critical for solving complex tasks. Yet, we still lack a mechanistic account of how the brain forms these mental templates of task-relevant features to optimize decision-making. Here, we provide evidence for recurrent inhibition: an experience-dependent plasticity mechanism that refines mental templates by enhancing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated (GABAergic) inhibition and recurrent processing in superficial visual cortex layers. We combine ultrahigh-field (7 T) functional magnetic resonance imaging at submillimeter resolution with magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the fine-scale functional and neurochemical plasticity mechanisms for optimized perceptual decisions. We demonstrate that GABAergic inhibition increases following training on a visual (i.e., fine orientation) discrimination task, enhancing the discriminability of orientation representations in superficial visual cortex layers that are known to support recurrent processing. Modeling functional and neurochemical plasticity interactions reveals that recurrent inhibitory processing optimizes brain computations for perpetual decisions and adaptive behavior.

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56-12-2 (gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)

Date Created: 20240731 Date Completed: 20240731 Latest Revision: 20240802

20240802

PMC11290482

10.1126/sciadv.ado7378

39083601