Role of Type I Interferons during Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV Infections.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101596414 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2218-273X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2218273X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biomolecules Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, 2011-

Interferon Type I*/metabolism ; Interferon Type I*/immunology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis*/immunology ; HIV Infections*/immunology ; HIV Infections*/microbiology ; Tuberculosis*/immunology ; Tuberculosis*/microbiology ; Tuberculosis*/metabolism; Humans ; Coinfection/immunology ; Coinfection/microbiology ; Animals

Tuberculosis and AIDS remain two of the most relevant human infectious diseases. The pathogens that cause them, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV, individually elicit an immune response that treads the line between beneficial and detrimental to the host. Co-infection further complexifies this response since the different cytokines acting on one infection might facilitate the dissemination of the other. In these responses, the role of type I interferons is often associated with antiviral mechanisms, while for bacteria such as Mtb, their importance and clinical relevance as a suitable target for manipulation are more controversial. In this article, we review the recent knowledge on how these interferons play distinct roles and sometimes have opposite consequences depending on the stage of the pathogenesis. We highlight the dichotomy between the acute and chronic infections displayed by both infections and how type I interferons contribute to an initial control of each infection individually, while their chronic induction, particularly during HIV infection, might facilitate Mtb primo-infection and progression to disease. We expect that further findings and their systematization will allow the definition of windows of opportunity for interferon manipulation according to the stage of infection, contributing to pathogen clearance and control of immunopathology.

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PTDC/SAU-INF/28182/2017 Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia

Keywords: HIV; co-infection; interferons; tuberculosis

0 (Interferon Type I)

Date Created: 20240727 Date Completed: 20240727 Latest Revision: 20240729

20240729

PMC11275242

10.3390/biom14070848

39062562