Optimizing preoperative antibiotic use through improved penicillin allergy documentation.

Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9503023 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1535-2900 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10792082 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Health Syst Pharm Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: <2019-> : [Oxford] : Oxford University Press
Original Publication: Bethesda, MD : The Society, c1995-

Penicillins*/adverse effects ; Penicillins*/administration & dosage ; Drug Hypersensitivity*/epidemiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents*/administration & dosage ; Anti-Bacterial Agents*/adverse effects ; Electronic Health Records* ; Documentation* ; Surgical Wound Infection*/prevention & control ; Surgical Wound Infection*/epidemiology ; Cefazolin*/administration & dosage ; Cefazolin*/adverse effects ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis*/methods; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Quality Improvement ; Adult ; Preoperative Care/methods ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Purpose: Penicillin allergy documentation in the electronic health record (EHR) lacks detail with regard to type of reaction, history of reaction, and other tolerated β-lactams. Because of concern for penicillin allergy cross-reactivity with cefazolin, patients with a reported penicillin allergy are frequently prescribed suboptimal preoperative antibiotics, which have been associated with negative patient outcomes, including increased risk of surgical site infection. The purpose of this study was to increase preoperative use of cefazolin via improvement to the documentation of penicillin allergies in the EHR.
Methods: This single-center, quasi-experimental quality improvement study compared patients with a self-reported penicillin allergy admitted for select elective surgeries before and after implementation of a penicillin allergy questionnaire. The primary outcome was receipt of cefazolin for surgical prophylaxis. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients with detailed penicillin allergy documentation, the proportion of patients with surgical site infections occurring within 30 days of surgery, and the proportion of patients who received the full antibiotic dose before the first surgical incision.
Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the preintervention group, while 85 patients were included in the postintervention group. Cefazolin use was higher in the postintervention group (13.0% vs 41.2%; P < 0.001). The postintervention group also had a larger proportion of patients with detailed allergy documentation (2.0% vs 50.6%; P < 0.001) and who received the full preoperative antibiotic dose before the first incision (25.0% vs 48.2%; P = 0.001). There was no statistical difference between the groups in the incidence of surgical site infection at 30 days after surgery (3.0% vs 1.2%; P = 0.63).
Conclusion: Preoperative cefazolin use was higher in patients with a reported penicillin allergy after implementation of a penicillin allergy questionnaire and EHR documentation tool.
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Keywords: antibiotic prophylaxis; cefazolin; drug allergy; drug hypersensitivity; surgical wound infection

0 (Penicillins)
0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
IHS69L0Y4T (Cefazolin)

Date Created: 20240720 Date Completed: 20241122 Latest Revision: 20241122

20241122

10.1093/ajhp/zxae201

39031056