Pterostilbene Reverses Epigenetic Silencing of Nrf2 and Enhances Antioxidant Response in Endothelial Cells in Hyperglycemic Microenvironment.

Publisher: MDPI Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101521595 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6643 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726643 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nutrients Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI Publishing

NF-E2-Related Factor 2*/metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2*/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic*/drug effects ; Stilbenes*/pharmacology ; Hyperglycemia*/metabolism ; Antioxidants*/pharmacology ; Endothelial Cells*/drug effects ; Endothelial Cells*/metabolism; Humans ; Cellular Microenvironment/drug effects ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; Histone Deacetylases/genetics ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects ; Gene Silencing ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; DNA Methylation/drug effects

The epigenetic regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a pivotal redox transcription factor, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Recent research has underscored the significance of epigenetic modifications of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). This study investigates the epigenetic reversal of Nrf2 by pterostilbene (PTS) in human endothelial cells in a hyperglycemic microenvironment (HGM). The activation potential of PTS on Nrf2 was evaluated through ARE-Luciferase reporter assays and nuclear translocation studies. Following 72 h of exposure to an HGM, mRNA expression and protein levels of Nrf2 and its downstream targets NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme-oxygenase 1(HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) exhibited a decrease, which was mitigated in PTS-pretreated endothelial cells. Epigenetic markers, including histone deacetylases (HDACs class I-IV) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs 1/3A and 3B), were found to be downregulated under diabetic conditions. Specifically, Nrf2-associated HDACs, including HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC4, were upregulated in HGM-induced endothelial cells. This upregulation was reversed in PTS-pretreated cells, except for HDAC2, which exhibited elevated expression in endothelial cells treated with PTS in a hyperglycemic microenvironment. Additionally, PTS was observed to reverse the activity of the methyltransferase enzyme DNMT. Furthermore, CpG islands in the Nrf2 promoter were hypermethylated in cells exposed to an HGM, a phenomenon potentially counteracted by PTS pretreatment, as shown by methyl-sensitive restriction enzyme PCR (MSRE-qPCR) analysis. Collectively, our findings highlight the ability of PTS to epigenetically regulate Nrf2 expression under hyperglycemic conditions, suggesting its therapeutic potential in managing diabetic complications.

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Grant No.:5/4/5-1/GIA-Endo-21-NCD-III (2020-9621 Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)

Keywords: HDACs; Nrf2; endothelial cells; hyperglycemia; polyphenol; pterostilbene

0 (NF-E2-Related Factor 2)
26R60S6A5I (pterostilbene)
0 (NFE2L2 protein, human)
0 (Stilbenes)
0 (Antioxidants)
EC 3.5.1.98 (Histone Deacetylases)

Date Created: 20240713 Date Completed: 20240713 Latest Revision: 20240809

20240809

PMC11242982

10.3390/nu16132045

38999793