Do community changes persist after irruptive population dynamics? A case study from an invasive species boom and bust.

Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0150372 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1939 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00298549 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Oecologia Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Berlin ; New York, Springer.

Introduced Species* ; Population Dynamics* ; Fishes*; Animals ; Ecosystem ; Invertebrates ; Florida

Irruptive or boom-and-bust population dynamics, also known as 'outbreaks', are an important phenomenon that has been noted in biological invasions at least since Charles Elton's classic book was published in 1958. Community-level consequences of irruptive dynamics are poorly documented and invasive species provide excellent systems for their study. African Jewelfish (Rubricatochromis letourneuxi, "jewelfish") are omnivores that demonstrate opportunistic carnivory, first reported in Florida in the 1960s and in Everglades National Park (ENP) in 2000. Twelve years after invasion in ENP, jewelfish underwent a 25-fold increase in density in one year. By 2016, jewelfish represented 25-50% of fish biomass. Using a 43-year fish community dataset at two sites (1978-2021), and a 25-year dataset of fish and invertebrate communities from the same drainage (1996-2021), with additional spatial coverage, we quantified differences in fish and invertebrate communities during different phases of invasion. During jewelfish boom, abundant, native cyprinodontiform fishes decreased in density and drove changes in community structure as measured by similarity of relativized abundance. Density of two species declined by > 70%, while four declined by 50-62%. Following the jewelfish bust, some species recovered to pre-boom densities while others did not. Diversity of recovery times produced altered community structure that lagged for at least four years after the jewelfish population declined. Community structure is an index of ecological functions such as resilience, productivity, and species interaction webs; therefore, these results demonstrate that irruptive population dynamics can alter ecological functions of ecosystems mediated by community structure for years following that population's decline.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

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P21AC10856 National Park Service; P18AC01074 National Park Service; HRD-2111661 National Science Foundation; HRD-1547798 National Science Foundation; DEB-1237517 National Science Foundation; DEB-2025954 National Science Foundation

Keywords: Community ecology; Ecosystem restoration; Irruptive dynamics; Non-native species; Sleeper population

Date Created: 20240707 Date Completed: 20240828 Latest Revision: 20240828

20240830

10.1007/s00442-024-05582-3

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