Hypoxemia and its clinical predictors among children with respiratory distress admitted to the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

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  • Author(s): Tamene DG;Tamene DG; Toni AT; Toni AT; Ali MS; Ali MS
  • Source:
    BMC pediatrics [BMC Pediatr] 2024 Jun 27; Vol. 24 (1), pp. 416. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 27.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100967804 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2431 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712431 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Pediatr Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-
    • Subject Terms:
      Hypoxia*/epidemiology ; Hypoxia*/etiology; Humans ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Female ; Male ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Prevalence ; Infant ; Risk Factors ; Child ; Hospitals, University ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/epidemiology ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology ; Hospitals, Special ; Oximetry
    • Abstract:
      Introduction: Hypoxemia is a common complication of childhood respiratory tract infections and non-respiratory infections. Hypoxemic children have a five-fold increased risk of death compared to children without hypoxemia. In addition, there is limited evidence about hypoxemia and clinical predictors in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence and clinical predictors of hypoxemia among children with respiratory distress admitted to the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.
      Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2020 to May 2021 in northwest Ethiopia. A total of 399 study participants were selected using systematic random sampling. The oxygen saturation of the child was measured using Masimo rad-5 pulse oximetry. SPSS version 21 software was used for statistical analysis.
      Result: In this study, the prevalence of hypoxemia among children with respiratory distress was 63.5%. The clinical signs and symptoms significantly associated with hypoxemia were: head-nodding (AOR: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.81-9.28) and chest indrawing (AOR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.32-7.16) which were considered statistically the risk factors for hypoxemia while inability to feed (AOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02-0.77) was the protective factor for hypoxemia. The most sensitive predictors of hypoxemia were fast breathing with sensitivity (98.4%), nasal flaring (100.0%), chest indrawing (83.6%), and intercostal retraction (93.1%). The best specific predictors of hypoxemia were breathing difficulty with specificity (79.4%), inability to feed (100.0%), wheezing (83.0%), cyanosis (98.6%), impaired consciousness (94.2%), head-nodding (88.7%), and supra-sternal retraction (96.5%).
      Conclusion and Recommendation: The prevalence of hypoxemia among children was high. The predictors of hypoxemia were the inability to feed, head nodding, and chest indrawing. It is recommended that the health care settings provide immediate care for the children with an inability to feed, head nodding, and chest indrawing. The policymakers better to focus on preventive strategies, particularly those with the most specific clinical predictors.
      (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Children; Clinical predictors; Ethiopia; Hypoxemia; Respiratory distress
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240627 Date Completed: 20240628 Latest Revision: 20240630
    • Publication Date:
      20240630
    • Accession Number:
      PMC11209951
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s12887-024-04892-y
    • Accession Number:
      38937669