Risk and protective factors of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Singapore.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Academy Of Medicine, Singapore Country of Publication: Singapore NLM ID: 7503289 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2972-4066 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03044602 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Acad Med Singap Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: Singapore : Academy Of Medicine, Singapore
      Original Publication: Singapore.
    • Subject Terms:
      COVID-19*/epidemiology ; COVID-19*/psychology ; COVID-19*/prevention & control ; Mental Health* ; Depression*/epidemiology ; Depression*/psychology ; Anxiety*/epidemiology ; Resilience, Psychological* ; Protective Factors* ; Stress, Psychological*/epidemiology; Humans ; Singapore/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; Psychological Distress ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Prevalence ; Suicidal Ideation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Aged ; Pandemics
    • Abstract:
      Introduction: The main aims of the study were to: establish the average levels of psychological distress, suicidality and positive mental health (PMH); and examine their associated risk and protective factors in the population of Singapore during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
      Method: Participants from a national psychiatric epidemiological study conducted in the general population of Singapore from 2016 to 2018, who had agreed to be re-contacted, were invited to participate in the study that was conducted from May 2020 to June 2021. Questionnaires assessing psychological distress, causes of stress, resilience and PMH were administered.
      Results: A total of 1,129 respondents completed the study. The mean age was 47.7 (standard deviation = 16.5) years. The prevalence of stress, depression and anxiety was 7.1%, 8.0% and 8.4%, respectively. The final pathways model showed that high concerns related to possible COVID-19 infection of family members or friends were significantly associated with higher stress (β = 0.242, P<0.001), depression (β = 0.152, P=0.001) and anxiety (β = 0.280, P<0.001). High resilience was significantly associated with lower stress (β = -0.482, P<0.001), depression (β = -0.394, P<0.001) and anxiety (β = -0.516, P<0.001), and with high PMH (β = 0.498, P<0.001).
      Conclusion: The findings highlight the negative impact of fear of COVID-19 infection, social distancing and isolation on the mental health of the population. Resilience and PMH were associated with lower psychological stress, and interventions to improve these characteristics can enhance mental health and well-being.
    • Grant Information:
      Singapore Temasek Foundation; Singapore National Centre of Infectious Diseases and the Ministry of Health
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: COVID-19; positive mental health; resilience; well-being
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240621 Date Completed: 20240621 Latest Revision: 20240621
    • Publication Date:
      20240621
    • Accession Number:
      10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202341
    • Accession Number:
      38904522