Developmental associations between cognition and adaptive behavior in intellectual and developmental disability.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101483832 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1866-1955 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18661947 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Neurodev Disord Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: <2012-> : London : BioMed Central
      Original Publication: New York : Springer
    • Subject Terms:
      Adaptation, Psychological*/physiology ; Intellectual Disability* ; Developmental Disabilities* ; Cognition*/physiology; Humans ; Male ; Child ; Adolescent ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Longitudinal Studies ; Activities of Daily Living ; Socialization ; Down Syndrome/physiopathology ; Fragile X Syndrome/physiopathology
    • Abstract:
      Background: Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are associated with both cognitive challenges and difficulties in conceptual, social, and practical areas of living, commonly referred to as adaptive behavior (DSM-5). Although cross-sectional associations between intelligence or cognition and adaptive behavior have been reported in IDD populations, no study to date has examined whether developmental changes in cognition contribute to or track with changes in adaptive behavior. The present study sought to examine associations of longitudinal developmental change in domains of cognition (NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, NIHTB-CB) and adaptive behavior domains (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-3; VABS-3) including Socialization, Communication, and Daily Living Skills (DLS) over a two year period in a large sample of children, adolescents and young adults with IDD.
      Methods: Three groups were recruited, including those with fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and other/idiopathic intellectual disability. Eligible participants (n = 263) included those who were between 6 and 26 years (m age  = 15.52, sd = 5.17) at Visit 1, and who had a diagnosis of, or suspected intellectual disability (ID), including borderline ID, with a mental age of at least 3.0 years. Participants were given cognitive and adaptive behavior assessments at two time points over a two year period (m = 2.45 years, range = 1.27 to 5.56 years). In order to examine the association of developmental change between cognitive and adaptive behavior domains, bivariate latent change score (BLCS) models were fit to compare change in the three cognitive domains measured by the NIHTB-CB (Fluid Cognition, Crystallized Cognition, Total Cognition) and the three adaptive behavior domains measured by the VABS-3 (Communication, DLS, and Socialization).
      Results: Over a two year period, change in cognition (both Crystallized and Total Composites) was significantly and positively associated with change in daily living skills. Also, baseline cognition level predicted growth in adaptive behavior, however baseline adaptive behavior did not predict growth in cognition in any model.
      Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that developmental changes in cognition and adaptive behavior are associated in children and young adults with IDD, indicating the potential for cross-domain effects of intervention. Notably, improvements in DLS emerged as a primary area of adaptive behavior that positively related to improvements in cognition. This work provides evidence for the clinical, "real life" meaningfulness of changes in cognition detected by the NIHTB-CB in IDD, and provides empirical support for the NIHTB-CB as a fit-for-purpose performance-based outcome measure for this population.
      (© 2024. The Author(s).)
    • Comments:
      Update of: Res Sq. 2024 Jan 08:rs.3.rs-3684708. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3684708/v1. (PMID: 38260292)
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    • Grant Information:
      U50 DD000596 United States DD NCBDD CDC HHS; HD076189 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; P50HD103526 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 90DD0596 Office of Human Development Services; P50 HD103526 United States HD NICHD NIH HHS
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Adaptive behavior; Cognition; Down syndrome; Fragile X syndrome; Intellectual and developmental disability; Latent change; Longitudinal studies; NIH Toolbox; Structural equation modeling
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240613 Date Completed: 20240614 Latest Revision: 20240624
    • Publication Date:
      20240624
    • Accession Number:
      PMC11177479
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s11689-024-09542-z
    • Accession Number:
      38872099