Distribution and health risk of chromium in wheat grains at the national scale in China.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9422688 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-3336 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03043894 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Hazard Mater Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier,
    • Subject Terms:
      Triticum* ; Chromium*/analysis ; Chromium*/toxicity; China ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Assessment ; Female ; Adult ; Child ; Food Contamination/analysis
    • Abstract:
      Chromium (Cr) pollution may threaten food safety in China. In this study, the concentration, pollution level, distribution, and non-cancer risk of Cr in wheat grains grown in 186 areas across 28 provinces in China were investigated. Results indicated that mean concentration of Cr was 0.28 ± 2.5 mg/kg, dry mass (dm). Of the samples, 7.5 % were found to be polluted with Cr. The mean concentrations were in the following order: Northwest > Northeast > South > East > North > Southwest > Central China. Based on deterministic models, mean hazard quotient (HQ) values for adult males, adult females, and children were 0.11 ± 3.4, 0.11 ± 3.4, and 0.13 ± 3.5, respectively with < 6 % of HQ values ≥ 1. Eleven sites in northern China were identified as hotspots, whereas Gansu Province and Northwestern China were labeled as priority provinces and regions for risk control. The mean HQ values estimated by probabilistic risk assessment were two times greater than those estimated using deterministic models. The risk probabilities for adult males, adult females, and children were 4.81 %, 3.78 %, and 6.55 %, respectively. This study provides valuable information on Cr pollution in wheat grains and its risks at a national scale in China.
      Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
      (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Assessment; Crop; Exposure; Food; Metal; Toxic Substance; Trace element
    • Accession Number:
      0R0008Q3JB (Chromium)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240609 Date Completed: 20240625 Latest Revision: 20240625
    • Publication Date:
      20240625
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134846
    • Accession Number:
      38852247