Simulation of plaque formation in a realistic geometry of a human aorta: effects of endothelial layer properties, heart rate, and hypertension.

Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101135325 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1617-7940 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16177940 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biomech Model Mechanobiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Berlin ; New York : Springer, c2002-

Hypertension*/physiopathology ; Hypertension*/pathology ; Heart Rate* ; Computer Simulation* ; Aorta*/pathology ; Aorta*/physiopathology; Humans ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic/physiopathology ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Stress, Mechanical ; Endothelium, Vascular/pathology ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology ; Endothelial Cells/pathology

Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death worldwide. Besides, atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease that occurs with persistent narrowing of arteries, especially medium and large-sized arteries. Atherosclerosis begins with a local elevation in the permeability of the arterial wall as a result of endothelial inflammation. Subsequently, excess LDL permeates into the arterial wall. Then, through several chemical responses and reactions, foam cells are produced. These foam cells serve as a crucial indicator for assessing the development of atherosclerosis within the arteries. In this study, the effect of endothelial layer modeling, heart rate (HR) and hypertension on the foam cell accumulation is numerically investigated in a patient-specific geometry of the human thoracic aorta. Navier-Stokes, Darcy, and mass transfer equations are used to obtain the velocity and concentration field within the domain. Regarding the dependence of endothelial cell properties on time-averaged wall shear stress, it is observed that foam cells are mainly concentrated in the outer curvature of the aortic arch, downstream of the left subclavian artery. However, considering oscillatory-shear-rate as the determinant of endothelial cell properties leads to the accumulation of foam cells in the inner curvature of the descending aorta. Regarding the HR, with the increase of HR, the volume average concentration of the foam cell decreases. However, there is no substantial difference between the cases of different HRs. Moreover, foam cell concentration significantly increases in the hypertension case. This result implies that a slight increase in the blood pressure may induce irreparable problems in the circulatory system.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

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Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Foam cell; Heart rate; Human aorta; Hypertension; Low-density lipoprotein; Mechanical stimuli

Date Created: 20240607 Date Completed: 20240927 Latest Revision: 20241122

20241122

10.1007/s10237-024-01864-0

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