Virtual Reality vs Phantom Model: Benefits and Drawbacks of Simulation Training in Neurosurgery.

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101635417 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2332-4260 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23324252 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 2022- : [Philadelphia] : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Original Publication: Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2014-

Virtual Reality* ; Neurosurgery*/education ; Simulation Training*/methods ; Neurosurgical Procedures*/education ; Neurosurgical Procedures*/methods ; Clinical Competence*; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery ; Internship and Residency/methods ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Neurosurgeons/education ; Students, Medical

Background and Objectives: Traditional neurosurgical education has relied heavily on the Halstedian "see one, do one, teach one" approach which is increasingly perceived as inefficient in contemporary settings marked by a steady decline in surgical caseload. In recent years, simulation training has emerged as an effective and accessible training alternative. To date, however, there is no standardized criterion pertaining to the quality and implementation of simulators in neurosurgical education and training. This research aims to compare the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) and Phantom-based simulation training in the context of neurosurgical skill acquisition, with a focus on middle cerebral artery aneurysm clipping.
Methods: An immersive VR clipping tool and a haptic clipping simulator incorporating 3-dimensional printing, additive manufacturing, and rheological analyses were developed. Twenty-two participants, comprising 12 medical students, 6 neurosurgical residents, and 4 experienced neurosurgeons, tested and evaluated both simulators for face and content validity. Construct and predictive validity of the simulators were assessed using an objective structured assessment scale for aneurysm clipping, measuring participants' performances and progress.
Results: Both modalities were deemed highly advantageous for educational purposes. Objective evaluations, however, revealed measurable differences in usability, efficacy, and transferability of the learned skills with VR excelling in procedural planning and visualization while Phantom simulation being noticeably superior in conveying surgical skills.
Conclusion: Simulation training can accelerate the neurosurgical learning curve. The results of this study highlight the importance of establishing standardized criteria for the implementation and assessment of simulation modalities, ensuring consistent quality and efficacy in neurosurgical education.
(Copyright © Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2024. All rights reserved.)

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Date Created: 20240607 Date Completed: 20241025 Latest Revision: 20241229

20241229

10.1227/ons.0000000000001167

38847530