Functional modularity and mechanical stress shape plastic responses during fish development.

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    • Source:
      Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0373224 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1558-5646 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00143820 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Evolution Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 2023- : Oxford : Oxford University Press
      Original Publication: Lancaster, Pa. : Society for the Study of Evolution
    • Subject Terms:
    • Abstract:
      The adaptive potential of plastic phenotypes relies on combined developmental responses. We investigated how manipulation of developmental conditions related to foraging mode in the fish Megaleporinus macrocephalus induces plastic responses at different levels: (a) functional modularity of skull bones, (b) biomechanical properties of the chondrocranium using finite element models, (c) bmp4 expression levels, used as a proxy for molecular pathways involved in bone responses to mechanical load. We identified new modules in experimental groups, suggesting increased integration in specific head bone elements associated with the development of subterminal and upturned mouths, which are major features of Megaleporinus plastic morphotypes released in the lab. Plastic responses in head shape involved differences in the magnitude of mechanical stress, which seem restricted to certain chondrocranium regions. Three bones represent a "mechanical unit" related to changes in mouth position induced by foraging mode, suggesting that functional modularity might be enhanced by the way specific regions respond to mechanical load. Differences in bmp4 expression levels between plastic morphotypes indicate associations between molecular signaling pathways and biomechanical responses to load. Our results offer a multilevel perspective of epigenetic factors involved in plastic responses, expanding our knowledge about mechanisms of developmental plasticity that originate novel complex phenotypes.
      (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution (SSE). All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact [email protected].)
    • Grant Information:
      CAPES; 2022/11832-6 FAPESP; 304170/2022-4 CNPq
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: developmental plasticity; finite element analysis; modularity; skull
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240606 Date Completed: 20240903 Latest Revision: 20240903
    • Publication Date:
      20240903
    • Accession Number:
      10.1093/evolut/qpae086
    • Accession Number:
      38842069