Toll-like receptor 9 signaling is associated with immune responses to Trypanosoma brucei infection.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 100965259 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-1705 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15675769 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int Immunopharmacol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier Science, c2001-
    • Subject Terms:
      Toll-Like Receptor 9*/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 9*/agonists ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei*/immunology ; Signal Transduction* ; Trypanosomiasis, African*/immunology ; Cytokines*/metabolism; Animals ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Humans
    • Abstract:
      Trypanosoma brucei, a causative agent of human and animal trypanosomiasis, regularly switches its major surface antigen to avoid elimination by the immune system. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a key modulator for resistance to host-infective trypanosomes; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains indistinct. Thus, we first approached the issue using Tlr9-mutant mice that render them non-responsive to TLR9 agonists. After infection, T cells in the spleens of Tlr9-mutant mice were analyzed by flow cytometry and a reduction in CD8 + , CD4 + T, and NKT cells was observed in Tlr9-mutant mice compared to WT mice. We further found that the responses of inflammatory cytokines in the sera were reduced in Tlr9-mutant mice after T. brucei infection. The underlying molecular mechanism was that T. b. brucei DNA activated TLR9, which consequently upregulated the expression of p38 and ERK/MAPK, resulting in host resistance to trypanosome infection. In conclusion, these findings provide novel insights into the TLR9-mediated host responses to trypanosome infection.
      Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
      (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Inflammation; MAPK; T cells; TLR9; Trypanosoma brucei
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Toll-Like Receptor 9)
      0 (Tlr9 protein, mouse)
      0 (Cytokines)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240515 Date Completed: 20240602 Latest Revision: 20240610
    • Publication Date:
      20250114
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112250
    • Accession Number:
      38749335