Experimental inoculation of pigs with monkeypox virus results in productive infection and transmission to sentinels.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101594885 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2222-1751 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22221751 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Emerg Microbes Infect Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 2019- : [Philadelphia, PA] : Taylor & Francis
      Original Publication: New York : NPG, 2012-2018.
    • Subject Terms:
      Monkeypox virus*/physiology ; Monkeypox virus*/pathogenicity ; Monkeypox virus*/genetics ; Mpox (monkeypox)*/transmission ; Mpox (monkeypox)*/virology ; Mpox (monkeypox)*/veterinary ; Swine Diseases*/virology ; Swine Diseases*/transmission; Animals ; Swine ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Humans ; Skin/virology ; Nose/virology
    • Abstract:
      Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a re-emerging zoonotic poxvirus responsible for producing skin lesions in humans. Endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, the 2022 outbreak with a clade IIb strain has resulted in ongoing sustained transmission of the virus worldwide. MPXV has a relatively wide host range, with infections reported in rodent and non-human primate species. However, the susceptibility of many domestic livestock species remains unknown. Here, we report on a susceptibility/transmission study in domestic pigs that were experimentally inoculated with a 2022 MPXV clade IIb isolate or served as sentinel contact control animals. Several principal-infected and sentinel contact control pigs developed minor lesions near the lips and nose starting at 12 through 18 days post-challenge (DPC). No virus was isolated and no viral DNA was detected from the lesions; however, MPXV antigen was detected by IHC in tissue from a pustule of a principal infected pig. Viral DNA and infectious virus were detected in nasal and oral swabs up to 14 DPC, with peak titers observed at 7 DPC. Viral DNA was also detected in nasal tissues or skin collected from two principal-infected animals at 7 DPC post-mortem. Furthermore, all principal-infected and sentinel control animals enrolled in the study seroconverted. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that domestic pigs are susceptible to experimental MPXV infection and can transmit the virus to contact animals.
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    • Grant Information:
      P20 GM130448 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: MPXV clade II; Monkeypox; experimental infection; mpox; susceptibility; swine; transmission
    • Accession Number:
      0 (DNA, Viral)
      0 (Antibodies, Viral)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240507 Date Completed: 20240611 Latest Revision: 20240615
    • Publication Date:
      20240615
    • Accession Number:
      PMC11168330
    • Accession Number:
      10.1080/22221751.2024.2352434
    • Accession Number:
      38712637