The Transmission of Animal African Trypanosomiasis in Two Districts in the Forest Zone of Ghana.

Publisher: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0370507 Publication Model: Electronic-Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-1645 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00029637 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Trop Med Hyg Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: Northbrook, IL : American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Original Publication: Baltimore.

Tsetse Flies*/parasitology ; Trypanosomiasis, African*/transmission ; Trypanosomiasis, African*/epidemiology ; Trypanosomiasis, African*/veterinary ; Trypanosoma*/isolation & purification ; Trypanosoma*/genetics ; Trypanosoma*/classification; Animals ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Cattle ; Swine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Swine Diseases/transmission ; Swine Diseases/epidemiology ; Swine Diseases/parasitology ; Insect Vectors/parasitology ; Forests ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology ; Cattle Diseases/transmission ; Cattle Diseases/parasitology ; Prevalence ; Female

Animal African trypanosomiasis, also known as nagana, is caused by Trypanosoma species, which cause significant clinical diseases and lead to losses in animal production. We carried out a cross-sectional survey to investigate the composition of vectors and parasite diversity in two districts in the eastern region of Ghana where pigs and cattle were exposed to tsetse bites. We performed cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify tsetse species and internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR to identify Trypanosoma species. Also, we investigated the source of tsetse blood meal based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence analysis. A total of 229 tsetse, 65 pigs, and 20 cattle were investigated for trypanosomes. An overall vector density of 4.3 tsetse/trap/day was observed. A trypanosome prevalence of 58.9% (95% CI = 52.5-65.1%), 46.2% (95% CI = 34.6-58.1%), and 0.0% (95% CI = 0.0-16.1%) in tsetse, pigs, and cattle, respectively, was detected. Trypanosoma congolense was predominant, with a prevalence of 33.3% (95% CI = 73.3-86.5%) in tsetse. There was evidence of multiple infections in tsetse and pigs. Approximately 39% of the tsetse were positive for multiple infections of T. congolense and Trypanosoma simiae. Parasite prevalence in pigs across the communities was high, with significant differences associated between locations (χ2 = 28.06, 95% CI = 0.05-0.81, P = 0.0009). Tsetse blood meal analysis revealed feeding on domestic Sus scrofa domesticus (pigs) and Phacochoerus africanus (warthogs). Infective tsetse may transmit trypanosomes to livestock and humans in the communities studied.

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Date Created: 20240502 Date Completed: 20240605 Latest Revision: 20240608

20240608

PMC11154048

10.4269/ajtmh.23-0329

38697074