Therapeutic vaccines for herpesviruses.

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  • Author(s): Cohen JI
  • Source:
    The Journal of clinical investigation [J Clin Invest] 2024 May 01; Vol. 134 (9). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 01.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article; Review; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7802877 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1558-8238 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00219738 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Invest Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 1999- : Ann Arbor, MI : American Society for Clinical Investigation
      Original Publication: New Haven [etc.] American Society for Clinical Investigation.
    • Subject Terms:
      Herpesvirus Vaccines*/immunology ; Herpesvirus Vaccines*/therapeutic use; Humans ; Herpesviridae Infections/immunology ; Herpesviridae Infections/prevention & control ; Herpesviridae Infections/virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology ; Animals ; Herpesviridae/immunology ; Virus Activation/immunology ; Cytomegalovirus/immunology
    • Abstract:
      Herpesviruses establish latent infections, and most reactivate frequently, resulting in symptoms and virus shedding in healthy individuals. In immunocompromised patients, reactivating virus can cause severe disease. Persistent EBV has been associated with several malignancies in both immunocompromised and nonimmunocompromised persons. Reactivation and shedding occur with most herpesviruses, despite potent virus-specific antibodies and T cell immunity as measured in the blood. The licensure of therapeutic vaccines to reduce zoster indicates that effective therapeutic vaccines for other herpesviruses should be feasible. However, varicella-zoster virus is different from other human herpesviruses in that it is generally only shed during varicella and zoster. Unlike prophylactic vaccines, in which the correlate of immunity is antibody function, T cell immunity is the correlate of immunity for the only effective therapeutic herpesvirus vaccine-zoster vaccine. While most studies of therapeutic vaccines have measured immunity in the blood, cellular immunity at the site of reactivation is likely critical for an effective therapeutic vaccine for certain viruses. This Review summarizes the status of therapeutic vaccines for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus and proposes approaches for future development.
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    • Accession Number:
      0 (Herpesvirus Vaccines)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240501 Date Completed: 20240501 Latest Revision: 20240530
    • Publication Date:
      20240531
    • Accession Number:
      PMC11060731
    • Accession Number:
      10.1172/JCI179483
    • Accession Number:
      38690731