Clinical Review of Juvenile Huntington's Disease.

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  • Additional Information
    • Corporate Authors:
      Pediatric Huntington Disease Working Group of the European Huntington Disease Network
    • Source:
      Publisher: IOS Press Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101589965 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-6400 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18796397 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Huntingtons Dis Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Amsterdam, The Netherlands : IOS Press
    • Subject Terms:
      Huntington Disease*/diagnosis ; Huntington Disease*/genetics; Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; Disease Progression ; Age of Onset
    • Abstract:
      Juvenile Huntington's disease (JHD) is rare. In the first decade of life speech difficulties, rigidity, and dystonia are common clinical motor symptoms, whereas onset in the second decade motor symptoms may sometimes resemble adult-onset Huntington's disease (AOHD). Cognitive decline is mostly detected by declining school performances. Behavioral symptoms in general do not differ from AOHD but may be confused with autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and lead to misdiagnosis and/or diagnostic delay. JHD specific features are epilepsy, ataxia, spasticity, pain, itching, and possibly liver steatosis. Disease progression of JHD is faster compared to AOHD and the disease duration is shorter, particularly in case of higher CAG repeat lengths. The diagnosis is based on clinical judgement in combination with a positive family history and/or DNA analysis after careful consideration. Repeat length in JHD is usually > 55 and caused by anticipation, usually via paternal transmission. There are no pharmacological and multidisciplinary guidelines for JHD treatment. Future perspectives for earlier diagnosis are better diagnostic markers such as qualitative MRI and neurofilament light in serum.
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    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240426 Date Completed: 20240705 Latest Revision: 20240810
    • Publication Date:
      20240812
    • Accession Number:
      PMC11307030
    • Accession Number:
      10.3233/JHD-231523
    • Accession Number:
      38669553