Health risk assessment of occupational exposure to heavy metals among green space workers in Iran.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: SAGE Publications Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8602702 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1477-0393 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07482337 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Toxicol Ind Health Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: London : SAGE Publications
      Original Publication: Princeton, N.J. : Princeton Scientific Pub. Co.
    • Subject Terms:
      Occupational Exposure*/analysis ; Occupational Exposure*/adverse effects ; Metals, Heavy*/analysis; Humans ; Iran ; Risk Assessment ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Young Adult
    • Abstract:
      Exposure to heavy metals can result in various adverse health effects. Tehran is rated as one of the world's most polluted cities. Green space workers are continuously exposed to such pollutants in this city. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the health risks caused by exposure to heavy metals among green space workers. Eighty-eight workers and office personnel in two regions with different air quality levels were chosen for sampling. Air samples were collected using the NIOSH-7300 method and analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) instrument. The hazard quotient (HQ) and the lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) were calculated to assess carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk levels. The results revealed that the rank order of heavy metals was determined as Zn, Pb, Mn, Ni, Co, and Cd. Workers were subjected to higher concentrations of Ni, Pb, Zn, and Co than office personnel. Furthermore, the Cd, Co, and Zn exposure levels stood significantly higher in region 6 than in region 14. Non-carcinogenic risk levels for all participants fell within the acceptable range. Moreover, no employee had a carcinogenic risk level within the acceptable range when exposed to Cd. Also, 2.3% of individuals demonstrated Ni's acceptable carcinogenic risk level. Owing unacceptable risk levels, proper interventions are required to minimize occupational exposure to heavy metals. These interventions include optimizing shift schedules, using personal protective equipment, and conducting regular health assessments.
      Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Heavy metals; Tehran; air; green space; health; occupational health
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240425 Date Completed: 20240520 Latest Revision: 20240520
    • Publication Date:
      20240520
    • Accession Number:
      10.1177/07482337241247088
    • Accession Number:
      38662893